Famous surgeons of the 20th century. Famous doctors: in Russia, in the world, in history (2024)

The best doctors in Russia
Famous doctors. famous Russian doctors,
Famous doctors of Russia and the world

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Spine Surgery, Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after. acad. B.V. Petrovsky RAMS

Traumatologist-orthopedist of the highest category. Proficient in all modern methods of surgical and non-surgical treatment of diseases and injuries of the spine and spinal cord.

Head of the course of vertebrology at the Faculty of Postgraduate Education MMA named after. THEM. Sechenov.

More than 30 years of experience in surgical and conservative treatment patients with diseases and injuries of the spine and spinal cord. Trained and worked in Germany with Dr. Wolfhard Caspar, the author of the microsurgical discectomy technique (neurosurgical clinic of the University of Saarland, Homburg-Saar, 1992)). Worked in Mexico, Colombia, Greece, Syria, Lebanon, Bulgaria, Turkey.

Participant of the annual AO courses on spine surgery in Switzerland (Davos) and in Moscow (organizer, lecturer and chairman).

He has 19 certificates as a specialist in spine surgery and orthopedic traumatology in Germany, Switzerland and France.

Deputy Chairman of the Russian Association of Spine Surgeons. Member of the Russian Medical Association of Doctors. Member of the Society of Traumatologists and Orthopedists of Moscow and the Moscow Region. Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, member of the AO Spine European Region, member of the North American Society of Vertebrologists (NASS). Author of 110 scientific publications, 7 patents for inventions, 4 patents of the Russian Federation. Author of the scientific discovery вЂњThe pattern of development of compression of neurovascular formations in the intervertebral canals of the human lumbar spineвЂќ, diploma N 114 for the discovery of 11/19/98. Author of the first monograph in Russia and the CIS on microsurgical discectomy, вЂњSurgical rehabilitation of radicular syndrome in osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine.вЂќ Co-author of three textbooks. Member of the editorial board of the journals Spine Surgery, Medical Care, Osteosynthesis.
Member of the specialized academic council for the defense of doctoral dissertations of the MMA named after. I.M. Sechenova (traumatology-orthopedics), member of the specialized Academic Council for the defense of candidate dissertations of the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after. acad. B.V. Petrovsky RAMS (surgery), member of the expert council on surgery of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation.
Development of low-traumatic methods for decompression of the contents of the spinal canal and interbody fusion.

Soviet and Russian cardiac surgeon, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) (1997), academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan (1997), honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (1998), head of the department of cardiovascular surgery at the Institute of Clinical Cardiology named after A.L. Myasnikov of the Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, head of the state program for the development of high-tech medicine since 1998.
He studied at the Andijan Medical Institute, graduated from the 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov in 1971. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor.
Since 1971 - a local general practitioner, in 1972-1973 - a traumatologist at the Reutov City Hospital (Reutov, Moscow Region). Part-time, he worked as a surgeon in the 70th hospital in Moscow and as a traumatologist in Balashikhinskaya district hospital Moscow region. In 1973-1975 he worked in clinical residency in surgery at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery. Since March 1975 - junior researcher in the department of microvascular surgery, since 1978, senior researcher in the department of vascular microsurgery of the All-Union Scientific Center for Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
In 1984, he began to specialize in cardiac surgery and was sent for an internship at the clinic of the famous American surgeon Michael DeBakey in Houston. After returning from the USA, he was appointed head of the department of cardiovascular surgery at the A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology of the Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
Known as an authoritative specialist who has developed unique areas in reconstructive, vascular and cardiac surgery. He works in such areas as reconstructive and plastic microsurgery, reconstructive and plastic surgery of the extremities, reconstructive microsurgery of the coronary arteries, surgical treatment of coronary heart disease, surgical treatment of arrhythmias, myocardial protection, laser angioplasty, issues of heart transplantation and the heart-lung complex. He became a co-author of the country's first operations on replantation of fingers, transplantation of toes onto the hand, complex plastic surgeries to restore a fingerless hand, etc.
In November 1996, he performed coronary heart bypass surgery on the first President of the Russian Federation, B.N. Yeltsin.
Author of more than 300 scientific publications. is the initiator and one of the main developers of the Federal program вЂњHigh-Tech MedicineвЂќ. Elected a member of the board of directors of the M. DeBakey International Surgical Society (1995), a member of the scientific council of the World Society of Angiologists (1994), a member of the Presidium of the Russian Society for Cardiovascular Surgery (1994), a member of the European Society of Cardiovascular Surgery (2000).

Corresponding member RAMS, prof., doctor of medical sciences After graduating from graduate school in 1973 at the Department of Urology 1 MMI named after. I.M. Sechenov worked at the Academy, successively holding the positions of assistant, associate professor, professor, and since 1998 - head of the department of urology.
In 2002 he was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and since 2004 he was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation.
In 2002, Yuri Gennadievich was elected an honorary member of the Russian Society of Urologists, in the same year he was awarded the вЂњExcellence in Health CareвЂќ badge, and in 2007 he was awarded the honorary title вЂњHonored Professor of the MMA named after. I. M. Sechenov.вЂќ
Alyaev Yuri Gennadievich is a famous urologist whose scientific research is devoted to various sections of urology. His publications reflect the issues of diagnosis and treatment of prostatic hyperplasia, nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, cancer Bladder and prostate gland, varicocele.
He was one of the first in Russia to use thoracoabdominal approaches for kidney operations (his PhD thesis was defended in 1973). He developed tactical and technical aspects of surgical aids for tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, metastatic damage to neighboring organs, and surgery for cancer of a single and both kidneys (doctoral dissertation defended in 1989).
Under the leadership of Yu. G. Alyaev, almost all modern endoscopic and minimally invasive interventions have been widely introduced into the operational practice of urology clinics and are successfully used.
One of the first and only urologists, Yu. G. Alyaev, operated on the most severely ill patients in the barooperative room. In conditions hyperbaric oxygen therapy at an excess pressure of 2-4 atmospheres he operated on 65 patients. The results of these complex operations and studies have been published in domestic and foreign literature.
Currently, the team of the urological clinic of the First Moscow State Medical University named after. THEM. Sechenov, led by Yu. G. Alyaev, actively studies and uses in everyday medical practice all the latest high-tech diagnostic methods, from molecular to virtual.

Anshina Margarita Beniaminovna was born in Odessa into a family of doctors.

Graduated from the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute named after. N.I. Pirogov in 1973,
since 1978 - employee of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the same institute, where she was accepted to create a radioimmunological laboratory. In 1982, V.M. Zdanovsky invited her to the infertility group as a gynecologist-endocrinologist. By that time she had created a laboratory hormonal diagnostics, which used the most modern methods for determining hormones: radioimmunological, immunofluorescent, immunoenzyme, etc. In 1985, it proposed a new, immunoluminescent, method for determining hormones (authorвЂ™s certificate N 2023416), and improved other methods for determining hormones, which made it possible to quadruple the throughput ability to use expensive imported reagents without loss of research quality. As a member of ZdanovskyвЂ™s group, since 1982, Margarita Beniaminovna began to engage in IVF, first in natural, then stimulated cycles. She is the author of a modified IVF protocol, in which, after retrieving the egg, follicular fluid was returned to the patient's abdominal cavity.
Anshina Margarita Beniaminovna is the author of the country's first popular book about infertility - вЂњIf you need a child...вЂќ, which described in detail modern approaches to solving the problem of childless marriage, including IVF. To date, the book has been published with a total circulation of about 160,000 copies totaling 9 editions. M.B. Anshina is the author of many scientific and popular articles, as well as patents devoted to the treatment of infertility and genetic diseases, mainly by methods of assisted reproduction. Since 1990, Anshina has been one of the organizers and most active participants in seminars and then conferences on infertility treatment. On her initiative and through her efforts, the Russian Association of Human Reproduction (RAHR) is created, of which she becomes vice-president. M.B. Anshina is the founder and for more than 10 years the publisher and editor-in-chief of the journal Problems of Reproduction. All this activity contributed to the introduction of modern methods of treating infertility and their popularization throughout Russia and its neighbors - Belarus, Ukraine and other republics. In 1997 for the work вЂњIn vitro fertilization program in treatment barren marriageвЂњShe was awarded a prize from the Russian government. And in 2002, she established a personal award for the best scientific research presented at the RAHR conference. M.B. Anshina was directly involved in the creation of IVF centers in different cities of Russia and neighboring countries, among them such well-known ones as the International Center for Reproductive Medicine in St. Petersburg, the Center for Reproductive Medicine in Krasnoyarsk, IVF centers in Kiev, Minske and others. For many years she has been elected to the committee of advisors of the European Society of Reproduction and Embryology.
Currently, M.B. Anshina is the founder and director of the FertiMed Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Moscow. Despite the short period of its existence - only two and a half years - the center has reached high performance frequency of pregnancy, it practices all currently known methods of assisted reproduction: IVF, ICSI, donor programs and surrogacy programs, preimplantation genetic diagnostics, and has its own bank of eggs, sperm, and embryos. The center actively cooperates with the Chicago Institute of Reproductive Genetics and personally Yuri Verlinsky, the International Center for Reproductive Medicine and personally with Vladislav Stanislavovich Korsak, Gemabank, and other centers and institutes. The employees of the FertiMed center are carrying out serious scientific work to improve the conditions for cultivating embryos, which was awarded a Diploma from the Moscow Government. The center is the base of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Russian Academy of Postgraduate Education (the head of the department is Professor N.M. Podzolkova), which allows doctors undergoing advanced training to listen to a short course of lectures by M.B. Anshina and gain basic knowledge on reproductive medicine.

Belenkov Yuri Nikitich was born in 1948 in St. Petersburg. He graduated with honors from the medical faculty of the Nizhny Novgorod Medical Institute in 1972. In the same year, he entered clinical residency at the Institute of Cardiology named after. A.L. Myasnikov Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1974, he defended his Ph.D. thesis ahead of schedule, without completing graduate school. In 1982, at the age of 34, he defended his doctoral dissertation. From 1991 to 2008 he was director of the Institute of Cardiology named after. A.L. Myasnikov Russian Cardiological Research and Production Complex. From 2006 to 2008, he headed the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development. He is the editor-in-chief of the journals Cardiology, Heart and Heart Failure, and a member of the editorial boards of many domestic and foreign scientific journals. Laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize in 1978, State Prizes in 1980 and 1989, and the Russian Government Prize in 2003. Since 1993, corresponding member, and since 1999, full member Russian Academy Medical Sciences, since 2000, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is the founder and president of the Russian Scientific Society of Heart Failure Specialists, a member of the Presidium of the Russian Society of Cardiologists and the Society of Cardiologists of the CIS countries. Yu.N. Belenkov is the author of fundamental works on heart failure, cardiomyopathies and primary pulmonary hypertension. In 1973, for the first time in our country, he introduced into clinical practice the method of ultrasound examination of the heart, and in 1983, also for the first time in our country, the method of magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and blood vessels. For many years, Yu.N. Belenkov studies issues of space cardiology. He took part in the creation of domestic ultrasonic technology, including for equipping the space orbital station. He has more than 600 scientific papers, the author of 18 monographs published in our country and abroad. He trained 64 candidates and doctors of medical sciences. Awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples, Honor and for Merit to the Fatherland III degree. Vice-Rector of Moscow State University (since 2008).

Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Surgery of the Aorta and Its Branches. Doctor of Medical Sciences (вЂњReconstructive surgery for coronary heart diseaseвЂќ 1987), professor. Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation. For studying the problems of thoracic aortic aneurysms and the successful implementation of new surgical technologies, he was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation. Winner of the international award of Academician Boris Petrovsky вЂњOutstanding Surgeon of the WorldвЂќ (gold medal). Laureate of the Prize and gold medal named after. IN AND. Burakovsky Research Center of Agricultural Sciences named after. A.N. Bakuleva. Laureate of the Prize named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky RAMS. Vice-President of the Society of Angiologists of Russia, member of the European Society of Vascular Surgeons, member of the American Society of Thoracic Surgeons, member of the board of the All-Russian Society of Cardiovascular Surgeons, member of the Scientific Council on Cardiovascular Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

Has a unique surgical experienceвЂ” performed more than 3,200 operations on the heart with artificial circulation, 3,000 operations on the aorta and its branches, 1,000 operations on the vessels of the lower extremities.
Fluent in operations:
aorto- and mammary-coronary bypass surgery,
resection of a left ventricular aneurysm in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting;
combined operations of aorto-coronary bypass with reconstruction of arteries of other regions,
Bentall De Bono and David operations for aneurysm of the ascending aorta with aortic insufficiency,
operations for prosthetics of the aorta and its branches for aneurysms of the arch and thoracoabdominal aorta, including Borst and Crawford operations,
operations for reconstruction of extracranial arteries of the brain,
reconstruction renal arteries with renorenal hypertension,
aortofemoral bypass surgery for Leriche syndrome,
femoral-femoral and femoral-popliteal-tibial bypass,
operations for coarctation of the aorta, vascular injuries,
prosthetics heart valves,
minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery, heart valve replacement.

Published more than 850 scientific articles and 11 monographs. вЂњGuide to Vascular Surgery with an Atlas of Operative TechniquesвЂќ was awarded the prize named after. IN AND. Spasokukotsky RAMS. Yu.V. Belov is the editor-in-chief of the journal Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery and a member of the editorial boards of 6 scientific journals.

Trained 54 students in the specialty of vascular surgery, including 16 doctors and 38 candidates of medical sciences.

Director of the Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery named after A.N. Bakulev, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Chief cardiac surgeon of the Ministry of Health. President of the All-Russian public organization "National Health League". Member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation.

Leo Antonovich Bokeria is a leading cardiac surgeon, a famous scientist and organizer of medical science. International recognition of the works of Leo Antonovich Bokeria is his election as a full member of the American Association of Thoracic Surgeons (1991), a member of the European Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons and the International Cardiothoracic Center of Monaco (1992), a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences (1997), a member of the Faculties of a number of regular international conferences in France, Italy, Switzerland, member of the editorial boards of journals in the USA, Great Britain. Leo Antonovich Bockeria repeatedly traveled abroad to perform demonstration operations and performed the first successful operations for tachyarrhythmias in Italy and Poland. Of particular note is the election of L. A. Bockeria in 1998 as an Honorary Member of the American College of Surgeons - the highest title in the surgical hierarchy. Since 2003, Leo Antonovich has been a member of the Presidium (consul) of the European Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons.

L.A. Bockeria - President of the Russian Scientific Society of Cardiovascular Surgeons since 1995. In this capacity, he achieved the holding of regular congresses with the wide participation of nursing staff and young specialists, and attracted leading foreign surgeons to give lectures and demonstrate operations. During 1993-1998 was the Chairman of the Committee of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences on antiarrhythmic implantable devices and electrophysiology, and since 1998 - Director of the Center for Surgical and Interventional Arrhythmology of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health. In this capacity, he contributed to the creation of the most important regulatory documents, the creation of new types of electrical stimulators, and the formation of regional centers.
Editor-in-Chief of a number of journals: Annals of Surgery, Children's Heart and Vascular Diseases, Bulletin of the Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery named after. A. N. Bakuleva RAMS вЂћHeart- vascular diseasesвЂњ, вЂњCreative CardiologyвЂќ, вЂњAnnals of ArrhythmologyвЂќ, вЂњClinical Physiology of Blood CirculationвЂќ, вЂњBulletin of LymphologyвЂќ, information collection вЂњCardiovascular SurgeryвЂќ. Together with Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.S. Savelyev, L.A. Bokeria is the editor-in-chief of the journal вЂњBreast and Cardiovascular SurgeryвЂќ. Leo Antonovich was also the initiator of the creation of the popular science publication Doctor.
In June 2003, Leo Bockeria was elected President of the All-Russian public organization вЂњLeague of National HealthвЂќ, in the creation of which the most prominent scientists, literary and artistic figures, athletes, politicians, and businessmen participated. The LeagueвЂ™s mission is to achieve the creation of a model of self-development in medicine, to develop вЂњsports for all,вЂќ to strengthen the family, to spread the experience of a healthy and active lifestyle, to create conditions for the spiritual and physical development of the individual, and the revival of national cultural traditions. Since 2003, Leo Bockeria has been a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
In 2005, Leo Antonovich was elected a member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation under the President of Russia. From 2006 to 2009 - Chairman of the Commission of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation on the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

Brand Yakov Beniaminovich was born on May 2, 1955 in Odessa.
Graduated from Odessa State Medical Institute in 1979,
1979-1981 - employee of hospitals in Nikolaev and Nikolaev region;
1981-1984 - resident doctor (surgeon) of the emergency microsurgery department of City Clinical Hospital No. 51 in Moscow; participant in a number of unique limb replantation operations; Leading Researcher of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Russian Cardiological Research and Production Complex of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;
State Prize laureate, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Honored Doctor of Russia, Head of the Department of Emergency Coronary Surgery at the Research Institute named after. Sklifosovsky.
Priority scientific interests: surgery of multifocal atherosclerosis, surgical treatment of cancer patients with cardinal pathology; author over 40 scientific works, 4 innovation proposals.

Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Organ Transplantation Department of the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky RAMS. Under his leadership, two fundamental directions were developed: liver transplantation for severe diffuse diseases and treatment of extensive focal liver lesions using extremely large radical resections.

S.V. Gauthier has the greatest personal experience in Russia in performing cadaveric liver transplantation and is the only surgeon performing related liver transplantation. His experience exceeds 140 operations.

He is the author of the original transplantation technique right lobe liver from a living related donor, which was performed for the first time in the world in November 1997. This technique has been patented and has now become widespread throughout the world. The results of liver transplantation performed at the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences correspond to the most successful foreign programs, and in the field of related transplantation the results are superior to foreign ones.

Through the efforts of S.V. Gauthier and the team he heads, the only transplantation center in Russia has been organized and operates on the basis of the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, providing the country's population with an independent type of transplant care on a federal scale - liver transplantation. A new direction that is successfully developing in this center is liver transplantation in pediatrics, including patients in the first year of life.
S.V. Gauthier is the only surgeon in Russia who performs liver transplantation for children.

S.V. Gauthier has the greatest experience in Russia in performing extensive and extremely large liver resections for giant tumors, having unique results on the survival of patients - adults and children. It successfully combines the capabilities of liver surgery with various transplantation technologies, allowing to expand the scope and increase the radicality of the operation. He is responsible for the only operations in Russia on autotransplantation of the liver stump after extremely large resections, as well as on prosthetics of the inferior vena cava as part of an extended liver resection.

In 2000, S.V. Gauthier headed the organ transplantation department organized at the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, which, in addition to the liver transplantation department he headed, included the kidney transplantation department and the hemodialysis laboratory.

In February 2002, he became the first surgeon in Russia to perform a multi-organ transplantation - a simultaneous transplantation of the liver and kidney into one recipient, and in October 2003, for the first time in the world, he performed a simultaneous transplantation of the right lobe of the liver and kidney from a living related donor. Under the leadership of S.V. Gauthier at the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences began to develop a new clinical direction for Russia - kidney transplantation in young children, and the program of related kidney transplantation was resumed.

Since October 2002, S.V. Gauthier was the first in Russia to perform related transplantation of a fragment of the pancreas for type 1 diabetes mellitus in adults and children. Thus, for the first time in domestic practice, radical treatment of diabetes mellitus has been carried out.

The development of high technologies in the field of organ transplantation has contributed to scientific progress in the field of related disciplines - anesthesiology, resuscitation, perfusionology, etc. Unique fundamental scientific data have been obtained on the pathophysiological and morphological mechanisms of liver survival in extreme situations and its regeneration.

Under the leadership of S.V. Gauthier liver transplantation has evolved from an experimental operation that is exclusive to Russian practice into a routine procedure performed weekly with a predicted positive outcome. Professor Gauthier combines his high surgical activity with successful scientific and teaching activities. He created a school of transplantologists developing various areas of organ transplantation, liver and pancreas surgery. Under his leadership, 12 candidate and doctoral dissertations were defended. Much attention to S.V. Gauthier devotes his time to training specialists from various regions of Russia and foreign countries, implementing a program to organize new transplant centers. Students of S. V. Gauthier have already performed the first operations on related liver transplantation in St. Petersburg and Ukraine.

S.V. Gauthier is the author of more than 350 published works in the field of surgery and liver transplantation, including chapters in the monographs Clinical Transplantology, Introduction to Clinical Transplantology, 50 Lectures on Surgery, Practical Hepatology, Manual of Gastroenterology and etc. More than 150 works have been published abroad. S.V. Gauthier is a recognized specialist among foreign transplantologists and gives lectures and reports at international congresses and symposiums. The first series of 100 liver transplant operations in Russia was widely discussed by the medical community, and the results were highly praised.

Professor Gauthier actively popularizes the possibilities of organ transplantation among the population and the medical community, speaking in the press and on television.

S.V. Gauthier is a member of the Council of the European Society of Transplantology, a member of the board of the International Association of Hepatological Surgeons of Russia and the CIS countries, a member of the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, a member of the International Association of Gastroenterologists and Surgeons. S.V. Gauthier serves on the editorial board of the journal Annals of Surgical Hepatology. In 2001 and 2004 he was awarded diplomas of the national award for the best doctors of Russia вЂњCallingвЂќ. In 2005, S.V. Gauthier was elected corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Doctor of the Highest Qualification Category, Chief Neurosurgeon of the Federal State Institution вЂњTreatment and Rehabilitation CenterвЂќ, Head of the Neurosurgery Center, which carries out the full range of neurosurgical operations for various diseases of the brain and spinal cord, including neuro-oncology, vascular diseases, spinal diseases pathology and functional lesions of the central nervous system. During his clinical practice, the professor performed several thousand surgical operations, developed new methods of surgical treatment and organized a structure of care for patients from various regions of Russia. Honorary member of the Russian and International Societies of Neurosurgeons, constantly taking part in local and foreign congresses and conferences.

doctor. honey. Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher of the Department of Emergency Neurosurgery of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky, chief neurosurgeon of the Moscow Department of Health, Moscow.

Davydov Mikhail Ivanovich was born on October 11, 1947 in the Ukrainian city of Konotop, Sumy region. In 1966 he graduated from the Kiev Suvorov Military School and served for 3 years in the airborne forces. In 1970 he entered the 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after. Sechenov, worked there as a laboratory assistant at the department operative surgery(1971 -1973), graduated from the institute in 1975. Completed residency (1975 -1977) and graduate school (1977 -1980) at the Oncological scientific center them. Blokhina. He defended his candidate's ("Combined resections and gastrectomies for cancer of the proximal stomach") and doctor's dissertations ("Simultaneous operations in the combined and surgical treatment of esophageal cancer") dissertations, and received the academic title of professor. In 1986 he became a leading researcher in the thoracic department, in 1992 he headed the Research Institute of Clinical Oncology of the Russian Cancer Research Center named after. Blokhin, in 2001 he became director of the Russian Scientific Research Center named after. Blokhina. In 2003 he was accepted as a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and in 2004 - into the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. In 2006 he was elected president of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. He held this post until March 1, 2011.
DavydovвЂ™s scientific and practical activities are devoted to the development of new and improvement existing methods surgical treatment of tumors of the lung, esophagus, stomach, mediastinum. He developed a fundamentally new technique for intrapleural gastroesophageal and esophageal-intestinal anastomoses, characterized by originality of technical execution, safety and high physiology. Through the use of mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, the results of treatment of cancer of the esophagus, lung, and stomach have been improved. Davydov was the first in oncology surgery to perform operations with plastic surgery of the vena cava, pulmonary artery, aorta. He developed a method of combined esophageal resection with circular resection and tracheoplasty for esophageal cancer complicated by esophageal-tracheal fistula. Under the leadership of Davydov, 70 doctoral and 100 candidate dissertations were defended. He is the author and co-author of more than 300 scientific works, including 3 monographs and 6 scientific and methodological films. The activities of Mikhail Davydov were awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation and the title of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation.

Professor of the Department of Nervous Diseases, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies vocational training Moscow Medical Academy named after. THEM. Sechenov

A.B. Danilov works at MMA named after. THEM. Sechenov since 1986. He defended his candidate's dissertation in 1988 and his doctorate in 1994. Received the academic title of professor in 1999.

Trained in Italy (Neurological Institute C. Mondino, University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Headache, Pavia, Italy 1992-1993).

In 2000 for achievements in the field scientific research Due to the problem of pain, I received a residence permit in the USA. The US Qualification Medical Commission confirmed the academic degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences.

Member of the International Association for the Study of Pain, the International Headache Society, and the American Academy of Neurology. Author of 200 scientific papers in domestic and foreign press. Author practical guides and collective monographs on various problems of neurology: вЂњDiseases of the autonomic nervous systemвЂќ, вЂњGuide to autonomic pathologyвЂќ, вЂњPain and pain reliefвЂќ, вЂњPain syndromes in neurological practiceвЂќ, вЂњNeurology for general practitionersвЂќ, вЂњPanic attacksвЂќ. Author of the monographs вЂњNeuropathic PainвЂќ, вЂњNeurology for the PatientвЂќ, and the popular science book вЂњFormula of HappinessвЂќ.

Participant of many international congresses and conferences on the problems of headaches, autonomic pathology, neuropathic pain and other nervous diseases.

Title: Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences
A world-famous scientist who has made a huge scientific contribution to the development of priority areas in endocrinology, an excellent teacher and health care organizer.
Graduated from Voronezh Medical Institute in 1964.
Doctor of Medical Sciences since 1976, Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy since 1987; Head of the Endocrinology Course; 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after. THEM. Sechenov since 1988, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences since 1991, academician since 1994, member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in the period 1995-2006.
From 1988 to the present, director of the Endocrinological Research Center. At the same time, chief endocrinologist of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, head of the Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, First Moscow State Medical University named after. THEM. Sechenova, Head of the WHO Collaborating Center on Diabetes Mellitus and the Federal Diabetology Center of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.
Dedov Ivan Ivanovich - leader of domestic endocrinology in the 90s. вЂ” early 21st century, head of large-scale research programs on key problems of modern endocrinology. Contributed to the study of neurohormonal regulation of endocrine functions, mechanisms of hypothalamic-himmapophyseal connections in onto- and phylogenesis, ultrastructural bases of hypothalamic secretion, issues of radiation endocrinology, diagnosis and treatment tumor diseases thyroid gland, development and implementation of new technologies for combined treatment of Itsenko-Cushing's disease, pituitary tumors, acromegaly.
Author of more than 700 scientific publications in domestic and foreign literature.
He was the initiator and participant in the development and implementation of the Federal target programs вЂњDiabetes MellitusвЂќ and вЂњCombating Iodine Deficiency Thyroid DiseasesвЂќ. Under the leadership of Academician Ivan Ivanovich Dedov, standards and optimal algorithms for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases implemented in our country have been developed endocrine system, and also operate the State Register of Patients diabetes mellitus, Growth Center, State Register of Disabled Children with Congenital Growth Hormone Deficiency, State Register of Acromegaly.
Being a major organizer of healthcare and science, Academician Ivan Ivanovich Dedov pays great attention to personnel training and implementation latest technologies.
In 1997, he was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation.
Awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples, For Services to the Fatherland, II, III and IV degrees.вЂќ
The President of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences was elected on March 1, 2011.

Director of the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after. acad. B.V. Petrovsky RAMS Head of the Department of Cardiac Surgery II (surgical treatment of myocardial dysfunction and heart failure) Head of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery FPPOV MMA named after. I.M. Sechenov.

Laureate of the USSR State Prize in the field of cardiac surgery
Laureate of the International Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons Award in the year of the 100th anniversary of cardiac surgery (1996)
Winner of the International Society for Artificial Organs Prize for developing the concept of post-transplant cardiomyopathy (1997).

Author of the discovery of the hemodynamic mechanism of reliable and efficient work aortic valve, created an original acellular xenobioprosthesis to replace the mitral heart valve and substantiated the concept of the pathogenesis of calcification of bioprostheses.
Author of new plastic surgeries on the tricuspid and aortic valves, methods of universal replacement of mitral valve leaflets with preservation of the supporting chordae and the function of the annular-ventricular interaction mechanism, remodeling of the left atrium cavity in case of atriomegaly with a Mercedes-type suture.
He experimentally substantiated and introduced into clinical practice the extracellular colloidal solution Consol for cardioplegia and long-term cardiac preservation.
Developed the idea and model of a valveless implantable artificial heart.
He developed and successfully performed a complete anatomical heart transplantation operation in the clinic, and substantiated the hypothesis of the development of post-transplant cardiomyopathy.
One of the first in the country, Professor S.L. Dzemeshkevich performed a series of successful operations on orthotopic transplantation of a donor heart in clinical practice. He developed and successfully performed a complete anatomical heart transplantation operation in the clinic, and today patients in this group live more than 20 years after a heart transplant.
S.L. Dzemeshkevich is the author and co-author of more than 300 scientific publications, including 5 monographs. He has 27 patents for inventions and discoveries.

Member of the Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons of Russia
Member American Association thoracic surgeons
Member of the International College of Surgeons
Member of the International Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons
Member of the International and European Artificial Organ Societies,
Member of the International Committee for the Supervision of Donation in Transplantology.

Member of the editorial boards of the journals: вЂњThe Annals of Thoracic SurgeryвЂќ, вЂњTransplantologyвЂќ, вЂњCardiology and Cardiovascular SurgeryвЂќ, вЂњHeart and Vascular DiseasesвЂќ.
Director of the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Sergei Leonidovich Dzemeshkevich, carefully and purposefully determines the main directions of development of the largest multidisciplinary surgical clinic in Russia.

Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences, academician of the International Academy of Sciences, President of the International Association of Surgeons named after N.I. Pirogova, member of the board of the Moscow and All-Russian societies of surgeons, member of the European Association of Emergency Surgery and intensive care and the International Society of Surgeons. Head of the Department of Emergency and General Surgery of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education.

Academic title RAMS, prof., doctor of medical sciences Director of the clinic, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, professor, doctor of medical sciences. Ivashkin Vladimir Trofimovich.
Chief gastroenterologist of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. Deputy Chairman of the Bureau of the Department of Clinical Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Member of the dissertation council D208.040.10
In 1958 V.T. Ivashkin graduated from the Tambov Suvorov Military School, and in 1964 from the Naval Faculty of the Leningrad Military Medical Academy.
From 1986 to 1988 - head of the department of hospital therapy at the Leningrad Military Medical Academy. All these years he successfully combined teaching, medical and research activities.
From 1988 to 1995, Major General of the Medical Service V.T. Ivashkin was the chief therapist of the USSR Ministry of Defense (RF).
Since 1995, Vladimir Trofimovich has been the director of the clinic of propaedeutics of internal diseases, gastroenterology, hepatology, head of the department of propaedeutics of internal diseases of the Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov.
Great credit to V.T. Ivashkin was the creation of the Russian Gastroenterological Association (1991) and the Russian Society for the Study of the Liver (1995), of which he is the president.
V.T. Ivashkin created a national school of gastroenterologists and hepatologists, trained 42 doctors and 78 candidates of medical sciences. He is the founder of the Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology, the journal Clinical Perspectives of Gastroenterology, Hepatology (1999).
V.T. Ivashkin is the author and co-author of monographs. In 1997, V.T. Ivashkin was elected a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (1993), academician of the Kazakh Academy of Medical Sciences (2001), full member of the American Gastroenterological Association (1996), member of the American Association of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition, member of the European Society for the Study of the Liver, member of the Nominations Committee of the World Organization of Gastroenterology, member of the scientific committee of the Association of National European and Mediterranean Societies of Gastroenterology.
In 1993 V.T. Ivashkin was awarded the honorary title of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation. Awarded the Order вЂњFor Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSRвЂќ, III degree (1989), medals.

Head of the Department of Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care at the State Children's Clinical Hospital named after. N.F. Filatova, professor, doctor of medical sciences

Research activities of V.N. Ilyin is dedicated to the development of the most current areas of pediatric cardiac surgery. He made a great contribution to the development of modern methods:
artificial circulation during cardiac surgery in newborns and infants;
surgical correction of the most complex congenital heart defects in young children (transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, multiple defects interventricular septum, double origin of the great arteries from the right ventricle, etc.);
postoperative intensive care.

V.N. Ilyin is a member of a number of Russian and foreign medical communities:
Russian Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons;
Association of Pediatric Cardiologists of Russia;
European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgeons;
European Association of Pediatric Cardiac Surgeons;
World Society of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery.

Director of the State Institution вЂњResearch Institute of Neurosurgery named after. Academician N. N. Burdenko" of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Professor of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Russian State medical university, Chairman of the Board of Directors of JSC Business Neurosurgery. Chief neurosurgeon of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, President of the Association of Neurosurgeons of Russia. Absolute winner of the Russian competition вЂњManager of the Year - 1999вЂќ. Born on December 12, 1933. Graduated with honors from the First Moscow Medical Institute (1957). Since 1957 he has been working at the Institute of Neurosurgery named after. N. N. Burdenko (clinical resident, graduate student, junior researcher, deputy director for scientific work). Since November 1975 - Director of the Institute of Neurosurgery named after. N. N. Burdenko RAMS.
Main directions scientific activity: neurosurgery, neurology and clinical physiology of the nervous system.

A. N. Konovalov is an outstanding neurosurgeon, a world-famous scientist who has devoted his many years of research to the development of fundamental and applied aspects of neurosurgery, neurology and clinical physiology of the nervous system.

Since 1982, A.N. Konovalov has been an academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (now the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences), since 2000 a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Department of Biological Sciences).

Academician A. N. Konovalov scientifically substantiated, developed and introduced into practice a new direction - microneurosurgery, which made it possible not only to make almost any brain formation and any zone of the intracranial space available for gentle surgical intervention, but also to develop modern clinical physiology and pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary region and the human brainstem.

He personally operated on more than 10,000 patients with the most complex neurosurgical pathologies.

The research of A. N. Konovalov, his students and collaborators has developed the modern doctrine of compensatory-adaptive processes of the central nervous system in focal brain lesions, which underlies the concept effective system restorative treatment.

Under the leadership of Academician A.N. Konovalov Institute of Neurosurgery named after. N.N. Burdenko RAMS has become one of the largest in the world and has firmly taken a leading position as a scientific and medical neurosurgical institution, and is the pride of domestic medicine.

A.N. Konovalov trained a school of modern neurosurgeons. More than 40 candidate and doctoral dissertations were defended under his scientific supervision. Editor-in-Chief of the journal вЂњQuestions of Neurosurgery named after. N. N. Burdenko,вЂќ member of the editorial boards of a number of foreign specialized journals.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the RUDN University, Vice-President of the Russian Arthroscopic Society, Director of the arthroscopic surgery course. Specializes in arthroscopic operations, sports medicine, endoprosthetics large joints, and also trains specialists from Russia and other countries in the most modern techniques of arthroscopic operations.

Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medicine. Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Emergency Neurosurgery of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky, head. Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroresuscitation of the Moscow State Medical and Dental University, member of the board of the Association of Neurosurgeons of Russia, member of the European and World Associations of Neurosurgeons, member of the Higher certification commission, editor-in-chief of the journal "Neurosurgery", deputy chairman of the Moscow Society of Neurosurgeons, Moscow.

Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases of the First Moscow State Medical University named after. THEM. Sechenova, President of the Moscow Society of Rhinologists.

A.S. Lopatin is a scientist whose name is well known both in Russia and far beyond its borders, a talented surgeon who masters the filigree technique of complex otorhinolaryngological operations and endoscopic interventions on the base of the skull.

A.S. Lopatin - President of the Russian Society of Rhinologists, delegate from Russia to the European Society of Rhinologists, Chairman of the International Consensus Commission on Polypous Rhinosinusitis, member of the editorial boards of the journals Consilium Medicum, Russian Medical Journal, Russian Allergological Journal, Russian Rhinology ", "Russian otorhinolaryngology", "Rhinology" (Ukraine), "Atmosphere"..

A.S. Lopatin Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor. He has 5 patents for inventions and over 400 scientific publications, including in the prestigious international journals вЂњLaryngoscopeвЂќ, вЂњArchives of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryвЂќ, вЂњEuropean Archives of OtorhinolaryngologyвЂќ, вЂњRhinologyвЂќ, etc. Member of the editorial boards of many Russian and some foreign publications. Author of a textbook on the specialty for students of medical universities, two monographs, a guide for doctors вЂњRinitisвЂќ (M., 2010) and chapters in manuals (National Guide to Otorhinolaryngology, Guide to Pharmacotherapy of the Respiratory Organs, Russian Therapeutic Reference Book, etc.).

His areas of interest range from the treatment of allergic and vasomotor rhinitis and snoring to endoscopic operations on the skull base and complex rhinoplasty options.

Matar Asaad Akhmadovich

One of the country's leading pediatric surgeons, urologists, andrologists, specialists in the treatment of malformations of the genitourinary system in children.

Performs all operations used in pediatric andrology and urology.

The main scientific and clinical interests of Dr. Matar A. A. are concentrated in the field of surgery of the reproductive organs in children and adolescents, surgical treatment of developmental defects and anomalies of the genital organs.

with the possibility of a wide combination of different areas (surgery, microsurgery, endoscopic surgery, therapy, physiotherapy) .

Author various techniques surgical treatment of diseases of the reproductive system.

Head of the Department of Pediatric Urology-Andrology, Moscow Research Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia
Candidate of Medical Sciences
professor of the Russian Academy
Leading Researcher at the Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology
Member of the Association of Pediatric Surgeons of Russia
Member of the European Society of Pediatric Urology (ESPU)
Member of the American Urological Association
Member of the European Association of Urology (EAU)
Member of the International Society on Hypospadias and Intersex Disorders
Member of the Professional Association of Andrologists of Russia (PAAR)
Member of the International Society of Andrology
Member of the International Association of Sexual Surgery
Member of the IOO "Creative Association of Children's Nephrologists of Russia"
Author of more than 120 popular science publications

Fully proficient in urological and andrological surgical techniques, incl. plastic surgery of male genitalia.

In 2010 he was awarded the Nikolai Bogoraz medal for his contribution to the development of surgical andrology

He is a member of the Russian and European Association of Urologists, a member of the International Association of Andrologists, a member of the International Association of Sexual Medicine.

Dr. Matar has more than one thousand successfully performed operations. He is fluent in the technique of performing microsurgical and plastic surgeries on both the genitals and the urinary system. Currently working and engaged in scientific and practical activities in many well-known medical institutions.

Milanov Nikolay Olegovich

Head of the Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after. acad. B.V. Petrovsky RAMS N.O. Milanov is the country's leading scientist in the field of plastic surgery, reconstructive microsurgery, replantology and autotransplantology of organs and tissues, one of the pioneers in the development of problems of plastic surgery and microsurgery in our country. He directs his main scientific interests to the development of fundamental and applied aspects of plastic surgery and microsurgery. His research formed the basis for the creation of a modern system for diagnosis and surgical treatment of the most complex acute limb injuries, post-traumatic conditions and a number of nosological forms ( obliterating diseases vessels of the extremities, acute and chronic local radiation injuries, post-traumatic and iatrogenic defects of the trachea, post-traumatic and inflammatory strictures of the urethra and others). He is the author and implementer of the strategy for introducing microsurgical methods into various surgical specialties, including plastic surgery, urology, pediatric surgery, traumatology and orthopedics.

Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation (1994)
Order of Friendship (1998).
Order of Honor (2007).
Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1982) for developing the problem of microsurgical replantation of fingers and hands during traumatic amputation as part of a group of scientists.
Laureate of the Government Prize of the Russian Federation (1996) for the work вЂњMicrosurgical autotransplantation of organs and tissues in the treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patientsвЂќ as part of a group of scientists
Winner of the Vocation Award (2008) for performing the world's first revascularized trachea transplantation operation as part of a group of scientists.

Author of more than 670 scientific papers. He has written 8 monographs and chapters in 4 monographs. Under his leadership, 47 candidate and 15 doctoral dissertations were completed. Co-author of 47 copyright certificates and patents for inventions on various problems of plastic surgery and microsurgery. Since 2002, part-time head of the Department of Hospital Surgery No. 1 of the Moscow Medical Academy named after. THEM. Sechenov. Since 2006 - member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Since 2007 - Chairman of the Expert Commission of the Higher Attestation Commission on Surgical Sciences. Since 2010 - chief freelance specialist of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation in plastic surgery. Since 1994 - President of the All-Russian Public Organization "Russian Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons" Honorary Professor of the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after. acad. B.V. Petrovsky RAMS, member of the All-Russian Association of Surgeons named after. N.I. Pirogov, board of the Section of Aesthetic, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Society of Surgeons of Moscow and the Moscow Region, Russian Society of Andrologists, International College of Surgeons, International Society of Angiologists, honorary member of the Yugoslav Society of Plastic Surgeons. Editor-in-chief of the journal Annals of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, member of the editorial board of the journals Surgeon, Aesthetic Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Dermatocosmetology and Oncosurgery, member of the editorial boards of the journals Andrology and Genital Surgery, Sexology and Sexopathology", "Bulletin of Transplantology and Artificial Organs".

Fyodor Petrovich Gaaz (1780 - 1853)

Russian doctor of German origin, known as the "holy doctor". From 1806 he served as a doctor in the Russian service. In 1809 and 1810 he traveled around the Caucasus, where he studied mineral springs(now Caucasian Mineral water), explored the springs in Kislovodsk, discovered the springs of Zheleznovodsk, and was the first to report the springs in Essentuki. During the War of 1812 with Napoleon, he worked as a surgeon in the Russian Army.

Haaz was a member of the Moscow Prison Committee and the chief physician of Moscow prisons. He dedicated his life to easing the lot of prisoners and exiles. He ensured that the old and sick were freed from shackles, and abolished the iron rod in Moscow to which 12 exiles heading to Siberia were chained. He also achieved the abolition of shaving half of the head of women. On his initiative, a prison hospital and a school for the children of prisoners were opened.

In addition, Haaz fought for the abolition of the right of landowners to exile serfs, and received and supplied medicines to poor patients.

Dr. Haas's motto is: "Hasten to do good." The Federal State Medical Institution вЂњRegional Hospital named after Dr. F. P. GaazвЂќ is named after the famous physician.

Grigory Antonovich Zakharyin (1829 - 1897)

Russian general practitioner, founder of the Moscow clinical school. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University, was a professor in the Department of Diagnostics of Moscow University, and later - director of the faculty therapeutic clinic. In 1894, Zakharyin treated Emperor Alexander III.

Zakharyin became one of the most outstanding clinical practitioners of his time and made a huge contribution to the creation of an anamnestic method for studying patients. He outlined his diagnostic techniques and views on treatment in вЂњClinical LecturesвЂќ.

The research methodology according to Zakharyin consisted of a multi-stage questioning of the patient by the doctor, which made it possible to get an idea of вЂ‹вЂ‹the course of the disease and risk factors. At the same time, Zakharyin paid little attention to objective research and did not recognize laboratory data.

Doctor Zakharyin was known for his difficult character and lack of restraint in dealing with patients.

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (1810 - 1881)

Surgeon and anatomist, naturalist and teacher, creator of the first atlas of topographic anatomy, founder of military field surgery, founder of anesthesia. One of the founders of surgery as a scientific medical discipline. He developed a number of important operations and surgical techniques, was the first to propose rectal anesthesia and began to use ether anesthesia. For the first time in the world, he used anesthesia in military field surgery.

Pirogov was the first to widely use a plaster cast. Before this, gypsum was almost never used in medicine. Limited use had a starch bandage that dried slowly, became soaked with pus and blood, and was inconvenient in field conditions.

During the defense of Sevastopol, he involved women in caring for the wounded at the front. It was also he who first introduced mandatory primary sorting of the wounded into four groups. The mortally wounded were assisted by priests and nurses; the seriously wounded, requiring immediate assistance, were attended to by the doctor first. Those who did not require urgent surgery were sent to the rear. The slightly wounded, who could be quickly returned to duty, were treated by paramedics.

Even before the advent of antiseptics, Pirogov separated the wounded with purulent and gangrenous complications from those whose wounds were clean, which helped avoid the spread of infection.

As a teacher, Pirogov strove for the implementation of universal primary education and was the organizer of Sunday public schools. He also fought for the abolition of corporal punishment in the gymnasium.

Nikolai Vasilievich Sklifosovsky (1836 - 1904)

Honored Russian professor, surgeon, one of the founders of abdominal surgery (surgical treatment of female diseases, diseases of the stomach, liver and biliary tract, bladder), contributed to the introduction of the principles of antisepsis and asepsis, developed an original operation for connecting bones in false joints (вЂњRussian castleвЂќ) . He made a significant contribution to the development of military field surgery, advocated bringing medical care closer to the battlefield, the principle of вЂњsaving treatmentвЂќ of gunshot wounds, and the use of plaster casts as a means of immobilization for wounds of the extremities.

Sklifosovsky owns more than seventy scientific works on surgery, the development of asepsis and surgery in general.

The Moscow Research Institute of Emergency Medicine was named after Sklifosovsky.

The black spot in SklifosovskyвЂ™s biography was the fate of his family. The only son of the legendary doctor committed suicide. Vladimir shot himself shortly before the October Revolution. He was a member of a terrorist organization and was supposed to kill the Poltava governor, however, he could not shoot the man with whom his family was friends.

In 1919, Cossacks of a pro-Bolshevik detachment brutally killed the wife of Nikolai Vasilyevich and his eldest daughter. Moreover, the document signed by Lenin, which stated that repressions would not apply to the family of the famous surgeon, could not save them from reprisals.

Sergei Petrovich Botkin

(1832 вЂ” 1889)

Russian general practitioner, founder of the doctrine of the integrity of the human body, public figure. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University, was a participant in the Crimean War, and worked in the Simferopol hospital. He also worked in clinics in Konigsberg, Berlin, Vienna, England, and Paris.

In 1860, Sergei Botkin moved to St. Petersburg, where he defended his doctoral dissertation and received the title of professor of medicine.

Botkin became one of the founders of women's medical education, organized a school for female paramedics, as well as women's medical courses. For the first time in Russia, he created an experimental laboratory where he studied the physiological and pharmacological effects of medicinal substances. He created a new direction in medicine called nervism. It was he who established the infectious nature of such a disease as viral hepatitis, developed the diagnosis and clinic of the wandering kidney.

In 1861 he opened the first free outpatient clinic in the history of clinical treatment of patients, and achieved the construction of a free hospital, opened in 1880 (Alexandrovskaya Barracks Hospital, now the S.P. Botkin Hospital). Among BotkinвЂ™s students there are 85 doctors of science, including A. A. Nechaev, M. V. Yanovsky, N. Ya. Chistovich, I. P. Pavlov, A. G. Polotebnov, T. P. Pavlov, N. P. Simanovsky.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

(1849 вЂ” 1936)

Pavlov Ivan Petrovich is one of the most authoritative scientists in Russia, a physiologist, the creator of the science of higher nervous activity and ideas about the processes of regulation of digestion. He is the founder of the largest Russian physiological school and winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1904 вЂњfor his work on the physiology of digestion.вЂќ

The main directions of PavlovвЂ™s scientific activity are the study of the physiology of blood circulation, digestion and higher nervous activity. The scientist developed methods of surgical operations to create an вЂњisolated ventricleвЂќ and used a new вЂњchronic experimentвЂќ for his time, which made it possible to conduct observations on healthy animals under conditions as close as possible to natural ones.

As a result of his work, a new scientific discipline was formed - the science of higher nervous activity, which was based on the idea of вЂ‹вЂ‹dividing reflexes into conditioned and unconditioned. Pavlov and his collaborators discovered the laws of formation and extinction conditioned reflexes, different types and types of inhibition were studied, the laws of basic nervous processes were discovered, sleep problems were studied and its phases were established, and much more.

Pavlov became widely known for his doctrine of the types of the nervous system, which is based on ideas about the relationship between the processes of excitation and inhibition, and the doctrine of signaling systems.

Pavlov's scientific work influenced the development of related fields of medicine and biology, including psychiatry. Under the influence of his ideas, large scientific schools in therapy, surgery, psychiatry, and neuropathology were formed.

Sergei Sergeevich Yudin (1891 - 1954)

A prominent Soviet surgeon and scientist, chief surgeon of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky, Director of the Research Institute of Surgery named after. A. V. Vishnevsky.

Yudin developed techniques for gastric resection for peptic ulcers, perforated gastric ulcers and gastric bleeding, and operations for creating an artificial esophagus.

Sergei Sergeevich Yuin wrote 15 monographs and published 181 scientific papers.

In 1948, he was arrested by the NKVD on false charges as вЂњan enemy of the Soviet state who supplied British intelligence with spy information about our country.вЂќ While in prison, he wrote the book вЂњReflections of a Surgeon.вЂќ From 1952 until his release in September 1953, he was in exile, during which he worked as a surgeon in Berdsk. The doctor was released only after Stalin's death, in 1953.

Medicine is a very multifaceted science. But sometimes it opens up to us in completely unexpected ways. In our article today we will not talk about psychology, dentistry, or even surgery. Today we will talk about popular medicine. Yes, you heard right вЂ“ about popular medicine. And mind you, not only in narrow circles.

To consider yourself an expert in this вЂњdisciplineвЂќ, you donвЂ™t need to gnaw on the granite of science for a long time and persistently. It is enough to pick up a fascinating book or turn on the TV and plunge headlong into the exciting world of doctors. The most famous fictional doctors, better than any textbook, can open up for us the completely boring world of medicine.

So, who are they, these heroes of our time? And why do we love them so much?

Professor Preobrazhensky, book and film вЂњHeart of a DogвЂќ

Professor Preobrazhensky is no less famous to Russian moviegoers and readers. Philip Philipovich boldly, at that time, criticized the Soviet regime. And at the same time, he conducts an equally daring surgical experiment: he transplants a human pituitary gland into a dog. The operation is successful, and the dog begins to turn into a slob with a dog's surname Sharikov.

Despite the transformation of his body, SharikovвЂ™s behavior and his position in life remain completely вЂњdog-like.вЂќ In connection with this, the professor, having admitted his strategic mistake, carries out a repeated complex operation. And the man turns into a dog again.

The magnificent surgeon was created by the classic Mikhail Bulgakov in his story вЂњ dog's heart" He was brought to the screen by the famous Soviet actor Evgeny Evstigneev.

Dr. John Watson, The Notes of Sherlock Holmes series

The famous assistant of the famous detective, who more than once advised Holmes on medical issues, is John Hamish Watson. Moreover, in addition to the doctor, this hero became the biographer of Sherlock Holmes.

Watson took part in the war as a military doctor and was wounded. Later they meet the famous detective, and their acquaintance develops into friendship. The doctor often provides the detective with very valuable services.

Conan Doyle's work has been filmed more than once. One of the most famous film adaptations is the Soviet series, in which Vitaly Solomin played Watson. Few people know that in Conan DoyleвЂ™s work Holmes never once utters the phrase вЂњElementary, Watson!вЂќ And this is not the only adjustment made by Soviet scriptwriters. According to the book, Watson was wounded in Afghanistan, but the writers of the series вЂњThe Adventures of Sherlock HolmesвЂќ sent the doctor to fight in India, wanting to avoid unpleasant situations.

Yuri Andreevich Zhivago from the novel of the same name вЂњDoctor ZhivagoвЂќ

Boris Pasternak's novel has been filmed four times. The last time in 2005 the main role was played by Oleg Menshikov.

Against the backdrop of serious social and historical upheavals of the last century, a deep personal drama unfolds for the very talented doctor Yuri Zhivago. Boris Pasternak incorporated into the hero's surname deep meaning. It comes from the Old Slavonic expression вЂњGod ZhivagoвЂќ. It denotes Jesus Christ, God and man, вЂњwho heals all living things.вЂќ

Evgeny Lukashin from the film вЂњThe Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your BathвЂќ

A timeless New Year's classic. Who among us did not fall in love with this drunken, intelligent surgeon Evgeny Lukashin, who, on the occasion of the holiday, drank with friends, confused Moscow with Leningrad, met his love in Leningrad (34-year-old Russian language teacher Nadezhda Sheveleva) and managed to make her fall in love with him in a couple of days myself. As a result, Nadya abandons her prominent groom, Lukashin abandons his beautiful bride, and love triumphs.

The role of Lukashin was unforgettably performed by the talented Soviet actor Andrei Myagkov.

Dr. Gregory House, from the series of the same name "Dr. House"

A cynic, but a talented doctor and a brilliant diagnostician from God, who uttered the famous вЂњEverybody liesвЂќ - simply a hero of our time. Which, however, is not surprising. Eternally working parents, unloved children and a good education are now doing their job with all their might - raising a generation of brilliant cynics.

House appeared on screens in 2004, starring British actor Hugh Laurie. The series, repeatedly favored by prestigious awards and film critics, has haunted the whole world since its appearance. The doctor who prefers the most complex cases, capable of making a correct diagnosis almost at a glance, captivates millions of moviegoers with his erudition.

Sarcastic, but not stupid, House's comments quickly go from the screen into the world, becoming catchphrases. It is no less interesting to observe the wise behavior of colleagues who accept the disliked genius for who he is. They try to love, understanding that each of us is deprived in our own way.

Andrey Evgenievich Bykov, series вЂњInternsвЂќ

An equally shocking hero of our time, but of domestic production, was the cynical misanthrope doctor, the colorful manager therapeutic department Dr. Andrey Evgenievich Bykov.

An excellent specialist who is constantly at work and does not have time to do what he loves (and he loves bikes, Nirvana, video games and the head doctor) has found a way to make his work less boring. Under his command are several interns, whom the manager constantly teases, and not without pleasure. And although our hero cannot take away his cynicism, but cheerful character, originality and sparkling sense of humor made him a people's favorite.

The series вЂњInternsвЂќ owes its popularity, not least of all, to the leading actor, charismatic actor, screenwriter, director and very extraordinary personality Ivan Okhlobystin. By the way, for the first time in world cinema a precedent was recorded with the participation of Okhlobystin, when an active priest played the main role in the film (Stanislav LibinвЂ™s film вЂњConspiracyвЂќ, the role of Grigory Rasputin).

Doctor Pilyulkin

There are doctors who are known to every child from early childhood, in addition to their personal children's therapists: these are Doctor Aibolit and Doctor Pilyulkin from the fairy tale вЂњThe Adventures of Dunno and His Friends.вЂќ These doctors are probably destined to outlive all the most famous fictional and non-fictional hero doctors. After all, a good, wise Russian fairy tale lives on for centuries, and its heroes enter our lives practically with motherвЂ™s milk.

Doctor Pilyulkin from вЂњThe Adventures of DunnoвЂќ is a responsible little man in whose hands enormous power is concentrated. It is he who has to decide who will go on the next trip and who is contraindicated for medical reasons. However, the restless Dunno almost always eludes the doctor in charge and runs away somewhere very far, sometimes even to the Moon. Apparently, even without doctors, Dunno has the health of an astronaut that one can simply envy.

Dr. Aibolit

And finally, the most famous doctor. Ask any child or adult who Dr. Aibolit is - and he will answer you without hesitation. True, Aibolit is a doctor for animals, that is, he is a veterinarian. But his human qualities, medical ethics and great desire to help suffering animals, which knows no obstacles, can be the envy of any most skilled modern doctor.

We present to your attention information about medical specialists in Russia

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Spine Surgery, Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after. acad. B.V. Petrovsky RAMS

Traumatologist-orthopedist of the highest category. Proficient in all modern methods of surgical and non-surgical treatment of diseases and injuries of the spine and spinal cord.

Head of the course of vertebrology at the Faculty of Postgraduate Education MMA named after. THEM. Sechenov.

For more than 30 years, he has been engaged in surgical and conservative treatment of patients with diseases and injuries of the spine and spinal cord. Trained and worked in Germany with Dr. Wolfhard Caspar, the author of the microsurgical discectomy technique (neurosurgical clinic of the University of Saarland, Homburg-Saar, 1992)). Worked in Mexico, Colombia, Greece, Syria, Lebanon, Bulgaria, Turkey.

Participant of the annual AO courses on spine surgery in Switzerland (Davos) and in Moscow (organizer, lecturer and chairman).

He has 19 certificates as a specialist in spine surgery and orthopedic traumatology in Germany, Switzerland and France.

Soviet and Russian cardiac surgeon, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) (1997), academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan (1997), honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (1998), head of the department of cardiovascular surgery at the Institute of Clinical Cardiology named after A.L. Myasnikov of the Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, head of the state program for the development of high-tech medicine since 1998.
He studied at the Andijan Medical Institute, graduated from the 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov in 1971. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor.
Since 1971 - a local general practitioner, in 1972-1973 - a traumatologist at the Reutov City Hospital (Reutov, Moscow Region). Part-time, he worked as a surgeon at the 70th hospital in Moscow and as a traumatologist at the Balashikha district hospital in the Moscow region. In 1973-1975 he worked in clinical residency in surgery at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery. Since March 1975 - junior researcher in the department of microvascular surgery, since 1978, senior researcher in the department of vascular microsurgery of the All-Union Scientific Center for Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
In 1984, he began to specialize in cardiac surgery and was sent for an internship at the clinic of the famous American surgeon Michael DeBakey in Houston. After returning from the USA, he was appointed head of the department of cardiovascular surgery at the A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology of the Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
Known as an authoritative specialist who has developed unique areas in reconstructive, vascular and cardiac surgery. He works in such areas as reconstructive and plastic microsurgery, reconstructive and plastic surgery of the extremities, reconstructive microsurgery of the coronary arteries, surgical treatment of coronary heart disease, surgical treatment of arrhythmias, myocardial protection, laser angioplasty, issues of heart transplantation and the heart-lung complex. He became a co-author of the country's first operations on replantation of fingers, transplantation of toes onto the hand, complex plastic surgeries to restore a fingerless hand, etc.
In November 1996, he performed coronary heart bypass surgery on the first President of the Russian Federation, B.N. Yeltsin.
Author of more than 300 scientific publications. is the initiator and one of the main developers of the Federal program вЂњHigh-Tech MedicineвЂќ. Elected a member of the board of directors of the M. DeBakey International Surgical Society (1995), a member of the scientific council of the World Society of Angiologists (1994), a member of the Presidium of the Russian Society for Cardiovascular Surgery (1994), a member of the European Society of Cardiovascular Surgery (2000).

Corresponding member RAMS, prof., doctor of medical sciences After graduating from graduate school in 1973 at the Department of Urology 1 MMI named after. I.M. Sechenov worked at the Academy, successively holding the positions of assistant, associate professor, professor, and since 1998, head of the department of urology.
In 2002 he was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and since 2004 he was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation.
In 2002, Yuri Gennadievich was elected an honorary member of the Russian Society of Urologists, in the same year he was awarded the вЂњExcellence in Health CareвЂќ badge, and in 2007 he was awarded the honorary title вЂњHonored Professor of the MMA named after. I. M. Sechenov.вЂќ
Alyaev Yuri Gennadievich is a famous urologist whose scientific research is devoted to various sections of urology. His publications reflect the issues of diagnosis and treatment of prostatic hyperplasia, nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, bladder and prostate cancer, and varicocele.
He was one of the first in Russia to use thoracoabdominal approaches for kidney operations (his PhD thesis was defended in 1973). He developed tactical and technical aspects of surgical aids for tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, metastatic damage to neighboring organs, and surgery for cancer of a single and both kidneys (doctoral dissertation defended in 1989).
Under the leadership of Yu. G. Alyaev, almost all modern endoscopic and minimally invasive interventions have been widely introduced into the operational practice of urology clinics and are successfully used.
One of the first and only urologists, Yu. G. Alyaev, operated on the most severely ill patients in the barooperative room. He operated on 65 patients under conditions of hyperbaric oxygenation at an excess pressure of 2-4 atmospheres. The results of these complex operations and studies have been published in domestic and foreign literature.
Currently, the team of the urological clinic of the First Moscow State Medical University named after. THEM. Sechenov, led by Yu. G. Alyaev, actively studies and uses in everyday medical practice all the latest high-tech diagnostic methods, from molecular to virtual.

Anshina Margarita Beniaminovna was born in Odessa into a family of doctors.

Graduated from the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute named after. N.I. Pirogov in 1973,
since 1978 - employee of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the same institute, where she was accepted to create a radioimmunological laboratory. In 1982, V.M. Zdanovsky invited her to the infertility group as a gynecologist-endocrinologist. By that time, she had created a laboratory for hormonal diagnostics, which used the most modern methods for determining hormones: radioimmunological, immunofluorescent, immunoenzyme, etc. In 1985, she proposed a new, immunoluminescent, method for determining hormones (authorвЂ™s certificate N 2023416), and improved other methods for determining hormones, which made it possible to quadruple the throughput of expensive imported reagents without loss of research quality. As a member of ZdanovskyвЂ™s group, since 1982, Margarita Beniaminovna began to engage in IVF, first in natural, then stimulated cycles. She is the author of a modified IVF protocol, in which, after retrieving the egg, follicular fluid was returned to the patient's abdominal cavity.
Anshina Margarita Beniaminovna is the author of the country's first popular book on infertility - вЂњIf you need a child...вЂќ, which described in detail modern approaches to solving the problem of childless marriage, including IVF. To date, the book has been published with a total circulation of about 160,000 copies totaling 9 editions. M.B. Anshina is the author of many scientific and popular articles, as well as patents devoted to the treatment of infertility and genetic diseases, mainly by methods of assisted reproduction. Since 1990, Anshina has been one of the organizers and most active participants in seminars and then conferences on infertility treatment. On her initiative and through her efforts, the Russian Association of Human Reproduction (RAHR) is created, of which she becomes vice-president. M.B. Anshina is the founder and for more than 10 years the publisher and editor-in-chief of the journal Problems of Reproduction. All this activity contributed to the introduction of modern methods of treating infertility and their popularization throughout Russia and its neighbors - Belarus, Ukraine and other republics. In 1997 For her work вЂњIn vitro fertilization program in the treatment of infertile marriagesвЂќ she was awarded a prize from the Russian government. And in 2002, she established a personal award for the best scientific research presented at the RAHR conference. M.B. Anshina was directly involved in the creation of IVF centers in different cities of Russia and neighboring countries, among them such well-known ones as the International Center for Reproductive Medicine in St. Petersburg, the Center for Reproductive Medicine in Krasnoyarsk, IVF centers in Kiev, Minske and others. For many years she has been elected to the committee of advisors of the European Society of Reproduction and Embryology.
Currently, M.B. Anshina is the founder and director of the FertiMed Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Moscow. Despite the short period of its existence - only two and a half years - the center has achieved high pregnancy rates, it practices all currently known methods of assisted reproduction: IVF, ICSI, donor programs and a surrogacy program, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and has its own bank of eggs, sperm, embryos. The center actively cooperates with the Chicago Institute of Reproductive Genetics and personally Yuri Verlinsky, the International Center for Reproductive Medicine and personally with Vladislav Stanislavovich Korsak, Gemabank, and other centers and institutes. The employees of the FertiMed center are carrying out serious scientific work to improve the conditions for cultivating embryos, which was awarded a Diploma from the Moscow Government. The center is the base of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Russian Academy of Postgraduate Education (the head of the department is Professor N.M. Podzolkova), which provides an opportunity for doctors undergoing advanced training to attend a short course of lectures by M.B. Anshina and gain basic knowledge on reproductive medicine.

Belenkov Yuri Nikitich was born in 1948 in St. Petersburg. He graduated with honors from the medical faculty of the Nizhny Novgorod Medical Institute in 1972. In the same year, he entered clinical residency at the Institute of Cardiology named after. A.L. Myasnikov Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1974, he defended his Ph.D. thesis ahead of schedule, without completing graduate school. In 1982, at the age of 34, he defended his doctoral dissertation. From 1991 to 2008 he was director of the Institute of Cardiology named after. A.L. Myasnikov Russian Cardiological Research and Production Complex. From 2006 to 2008, he headed the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development. He is the editor-in-chief of the journals Cardiology, Heart and Heart Failure, and a member of the editorial boards of many domestic and foreign scientific journals. Laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize in 1978, State Prizes in 1980 and 1989, and the Russian Government Prize in 2003. Since 1993, corresponding member, and since 1999, full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, since 2000, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is the founder and president of the Russian Scientific Society of Heart Failure Specialists, a member of the Presidium of the Russian Society of Cardiologists and the Society of Cardiologists of the CIS countries. Yu.N. Belenkov is the author of fundamental works on heart failure, cardiomyopathies and primary pulmonary hypertension. In 1973, for the first time in our country, he introduced into clinical practice the method of ultrasound examination of the heart, and in 1983, also for the first time in our country, the method of magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and blood vessels. For many years, Yu.N. Belenkov studies issues of space cardiology. He took part in the creation of domestic ultrasonic technology, including for equipping the space orbital station. He has more than 600 scientific papers, the author of 18 monographs published in our country and abroad. He trained 64 candidates and doctors of medical sciences. Awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples, Honor and for Merit to the Fatherland, III degree. Vice-Rector of Moscow State University (since 2008).

He has unique surgical experience - he performed more than 3,200 operations on the heart with artificial circulation, 3,000 operations on the aorta and its branches, 1,000 operations on the vessels of the lower extremities.
Fluent in operations:
aorto- and mammary-coronary bypass surgery,
resection of a left ventricular aneurysm in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting;
combined operations of aorto-coronary bypass with reconstruction of arteries of other regions,
Bentall De Bono and David operations for aneurysm of the ascending aorta with aortic insufficiency,
operations for prosthetics of the aorta and its branches for aneurysms of the arch and thoracoabdominal aorta, including Borst and Crawford operations,
operations for reconstruction of extracranial arteries of the brain,
reconstruction of the renal arteries for renovascular hypertension,
aortofemoral bypass surgery for Leriche syndrome,
femoral-femoral and femoral-popliteal-tibial bypass,
operations for coarctation of the aorta, vascular injuries,
heart valve replacement,
minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery, heart valve replacement.

Trained 54 students in the specialty of vascular surgery, including 16 doctors and 38 candidates of medical sciences.

Leo Antonovich Bockeria is a leading cardiac surgeon, a famous scientist and organizer of medical science. International recognition of the works of Leo Antonovich Bokeria is his election as a full member of the American Association of Thoracic Surgeons (1991), a member of the European Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons and the International Cardiothoracic Center of Monaco (1992), a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences (1997), a member of the Faculties of a number of regular international conferences in France, Italy, Switzerland, member of the editorial boards of journals in the USA, Great Britain. Leo Antonovich Bockeria repeatedly traveled abroad to perform demonstration operations and performed the first successful operations for tachyarrhythmias in Italy and Poland. Of particular note is the election of L. A. Bockeria in 1998 as an Honorary Member of the American College of Surgeons, the highest title in the surgical hierarchy. Since 2003, Leo Antonovich has been a member of the Presidium (consul) of the European Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons.

L.A. Bockeria - President of the Russian Scientific Society of Cardiovascular Surgeons since 1995. In this capacity, he achieved the holding of regular congresses with the wide participation of nursing staff and young specialists, and attracted leading foreign surgeons to give lectures and demonstrate operations. During 1993-1998 was the Chairman of the Committee of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences on antiarrhythmic implantable devices and electrophysiology, and since 1998 - Director of the Center for Surgical and Interventional Arrhythmology of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health. In this capacity, he contributed to the creation of the most important regulatory documents, the creation of new types of electrical stimulators, and the formation of regional centers.
Editor-in-Chief of a number of journals: Annals of Surgery, Children's Heart and Vascular Diseases, Bulletin of the Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery named after. A. N. Bakuleva RAMS вЂњCardiovascular DiseasesвЂќ, вЂњCreative CardiologyвЂќ, вЂњAnnals of ArrhythmologyвЂќ, вЂњClinical Physiology of CirculationвЂќ, вЂњBulletin of LymphologyвЂќ, information collection вЂњCardiovascular SurgeryвЂќ. Together with Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.S. Savelyev, L.A. Bokeria is the editor-in-chief of the journal вЂњBreast and Cardiovascular SurgeryвЂќ. Leo Antonovich was also the initiator of the creation of the popular science publication Doctor.
In June 2003, Leo Bockeria was elected President of the All-Russian public organization вЂњLeague of National HealthвЂќ, in the creation of which the most prominent scientists, literary and artistic figures, athletes, politicians, and businessmen participated. The LeagueвЂ™s task is to achieve the creation of a model of self-development of medicine, to develop вЂњsports for allвЂќ, to strengthen the family, to spread the experience of a healthy and active lifestyle, to create conditions for the spiritual and physical development of the individual, and the revival of national cultural traditions. Since 2003, Leo Bockeria has been a member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
In 2005, Leo Antonovich was elected a member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation under the President of Russia. From 2006 to 2009 - Chairman of the Commission of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation on the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

He is the author of an original technique for transplanting the right lobe of the liver from a living related donor, which he performed for the first time in the world in November 1997. This technique has been patented and has now become widespread throughout the world. The results of liver transplantation performed at the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences correspond to the most successful foreign programs, and in the field of related transplantation the results are superior to foreign ones.

S.V. Gauthier is the author of more than 350 published works in the field of surgery and liver transplantation, including chapters in the monographs вЂњClinical TransplantologyвЂќ, вЂњIntroduction to Clinical TransplantologyвЂќ, вЂњ50 Lectures on SurgeryвЂќ, вЂњPractical HepatologyвЂќ, вЂњManual of GastroenterologyвЂќ and etc. More than 150 works have been published abroad. S.V. Gauthier is a recognized specialist among foreign transplantologists and gives lectures and reports at international congresses and symposiums. The first series of 100 liver transplant operations in Russia was widely discussed by the medical community, and the results were highly praised.

Professor Gauthier actively popularizes the possibilities of organ transplantation among the population and the medical community, speaking in the press and on television.

Davydov Mikhail Ivanovich was born on October 11, 1947 in the Ukrainian city of Konotop, Sumy region. In 1966 he graduated from the Kiev Suvorov Military School and served for 3 years in the airborne forces. In 1970 he entered the 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after. Sechenov, there he worked as a laboratory assistant at the Department of Operative Surgery (1971 -1973), graduated from the institute in 1975. He completed residency (1975 -1977) and graduate school (1977 -1980) at the Oncological Research Center named after. Blokhina. He defended his candidate's ("Combined resections and gastrectomies for cancer of the proximal stomach") and doctor's dissertations ("Simultaneous operations in the combined and surgical treatment of esophageal cancer") dissertations, and received the academic title of professor. In 1986 he became a leading researcher in the thoracic department, in 1992 he headed the Research Institute of Clinical Oncology of the Russian Cancer Research Center named after. Blokhin, in 2001 he became director of the Russian Scientific Research Center named after. Blokhina. In 2003 he was accepted as a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and in 2004 - into the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. In 2006 he was elected president of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. He held this post until March 1, 2011.
DavydovвЂ™s scientific and practical activities are devoted to the development of new and improvement of existing methods of surgical treatment of tumors of the lung, esophagus, stomach, and mediastinum. He developed a fundamentally new technique for intrapleural gastroesophageal and esophageal-intestinal anastomoses, characterized by originality of technical execution, safety and high physiology. Through the use of mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, the results of treatment of cancer of the esophagus, lung, and stomach have been improved. Davydov was the first in oncology surgery to perform operations involving plastic surgery of the vena cava, pulmonary artery, and aorta. He developed a method of combined esophageal resection with circular resection and tracheoplasty for esophageal cancer complicated by esophageal-tracheal fistula. Under the leadership of Davydov, 70 doctoral and 100 candidate dissertations were defended. He is the author and co-author of more than 300 scientific works, including 3 monographs and 6 scientific and methodological films. The activities of Mikhail Davydov were awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation and the title of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation.

Professor of the Department of Nervous Diseases, Faculty of Postgraduate Professional Training, Moscow Medical Academy. THEM. Sechenov

A.B. Danilov works at MMA named after. THEM. Sechenov since 1986. He defended his candidate's dissertation in 1988 and his doctorate in 1994. Received the academic title of professor in 1999.

Trained in Italy (Neurological Institute C. Mondino, University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Headache, Pavia, Italy 1992-1993).

In 2000, for achievements in the field of scientific research on the problem of pain, he received a residence permit in the United States. The US Qualification Medical Commission confirmed the academic degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences.

Member of the International Association for the Study of Pain, the International Headache Society, and the American Academy of Neurology. Author of 200 scientific papers in domestic and foreign press. Author of practical guides and collective monographs on various problems of neurology: вЂњDiseases of the autonomic nervous systemвЂќ, вЂњGuide to autonomic pathologyвЂќ, вЂњPain and analgesiaвЂќ, вЂњPain syndromes in neurological practiceвЂќ, вЂњNeurology for general practitionersвЂќ, вЂњPanic attacksвЂќ " Author of the monographs вЂњNeuropathic PainвЂќ, вЂњNeurology for the PatientвЂќ, and the popular science book вЂњFormula of HappinessвЂќ.

Participant of many international congresses and conferences on the problems of headaches, autonomic pathology, neuropathic pain and other nervous diseases.

Title: Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences
A world-famous scientist who has made a huge scientific contribution to the development of priority areas in endocrinology, an excellent teacher and health care organizer.
Graduated from Voronezh Medical Institute in 1964.
Doctor of Medical Sciences since 1976, Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy since 1987; Head of the Endocrinology Course; 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after. THEM. Sechenov since 1988, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences since 1991, academician since 1994, member of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in the period 1995-2006.
From 1988 to the present, director of the Endocrinological Research Center. At the same time, chief endocrinologist of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, head of the Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, First Moscow State Medical University named after. THEM. Sechenova, Head of the WHO Collaborating Center on Diabetes Mellitus and the Federal Diabetology Center of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.
Dedov Ivan Ivanovich - leader of domestic endocrinology in the 90s. - beginning of the 21st century, head of large-scale research programs on key problems of modern endocrinology. Contributed to the study of neurohormonal regulation of endocrine functions, mechanisms of hypothalamic-hymmapophyseal connections in onto- and phylogenesis, ultrastructural foundations of hypothalamic secretion, issues of radiation endocrinology, diagnosis and treatment of tumor diseases of the thyroid gland, development and implementation of new technologies for the combined treatment of Itsenko-Cushing disease, tumors pituitary gland, acromegaly.
Author of more than 700 scientific publications in domestic and foreign literature.
He was the initiator and participant in the development and implementation of the Federal target programs вЂњDiabetes MellitusвЂќ and вЂњCombating Iodine Deficiency Thyroid DiseasesвЂќ. Under the leadership of Academician Ivan Ivanovich Dedov, standards and optimal algorithms for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of endocrine system diseases have been developed in our country, and the State Register of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, the Growth Center, the State Register of Disabled Children with Congenital Growth Hormone Deficiency, and the State Register of Acromegaly are functioning.
As a major organizer of healthcare and science, Academician Ivan Ivanovich Dedov pays great attention to training personnel and the introduction of the latest technologies.
In 1997, he was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation.
Awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples, For Services to the Fatherland, II, III and IV degrees.вЂќ
The President of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences was elected on March 1, 2011.

Laureate of the USSR State Prize in the field of cardiac surgery
Laureate of the International Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons Award in the year of the 100th anniversary of cardiac surgery (1996)
Winner of the International Society for Artificial Organs Prize for developing the concept of post-transplant cardiomyopathy (1997).

The author of the discovery of the hemodynamic mechanism of reliable and efficient operation of the aortic valve, created an original acellular xenobioprosthesis for replacing the mitral heart valve and substantiated the concept of the pathogenesis of calcification of bioprostheses.
Author of new plastic surgeries on the tricuspid and aortic valves, methods of universal replacement of mitral valve leaflets with preservation of the supporting chordae and the function of the annular-ventricular interaction mechanism, remodeling of the left atrium cavity in case of atriomegaly with a Mercedes-type suture.
He experimentally substantiated and introduced into clinical practice the extracellular colloidal solution Consol for cardioplegia and long-term cardiac preservation.
Developed the idea and model of a valveless implantable artificial heart.
He developed and successfully performed a complete anatomical heart transplantation operation in the clinic, and substantiated the hypothesis of the development of post-transplant cardiomyopathy.
One of the first in the country, Professor S.L. Dzemeshkevich performed a series of successful operations on orthotopic transplantation of a donor heart in clinical practice. He developed and successfully performed a complete anatomical heart transplantation operation in the clinic, and today patients in this group live more than 20 years after a heart transplant.
S.L. Dzemeshkevich is the author and co-author of more than 300 scientific publications, including 5 monographs. He has 27 patents for inventions and discoveries.

Member of the Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons of Russia
Member of the American Association of Thoracic Surgeons
Member of the International College of Surgeons
Member of the International Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons
Member of the International and European Artificial Organ Societies,
Member of the International Committee for the Supervision of Donation in Transplantology.

Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences, academician of the International Academy of Sciences, President of the International Association of Surgeons named after N.I. Pirogova, board member of the Moscow and All-Russian Societies of Surgeons, member of the European Association of Emergency Surgery and Intensive Care and the International Society of Surgeons. Head of the Department of Emergency and General Surgery of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education.

Head of the Department of Cardiac Surgery and Intensive Care at the State Children's Clinical Hospital named after. N.F. Filatova, professor, doctor of medical sciences

Research activities of V.N. Ilyin is dedicated to the development of the most current areas of pediatric cardiac surgery. He made a great contribution to the development of modern methods:
artificial circulation during cardiac surgery in newborns and infants;
surgical correction of the most complex congenital heart defects in young children (transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, multiple ventricular septal defects, double origin of the great arteries from the right ventricle, etc.);
postoperative intensive care.

Director of the State Institution вЂњResearch Institute of Neurosurgery named after. Academician N. N. Burdenko" of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Professor of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Russian State Medical University, Chairman of the Board of Directors of OJSC "Business Neurosurgery". Chief neurosurgeon of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, President of the Association of Neurosurgeons of Russia. Absolute winner of the Russian competition вЂњManager of the Year - 1999вЂќ. Born on December 12, 1933. Graduated with honors from the First Moscow Medical Institute (1957). Since 1957 he has been working at the Institute of Neurosurgery named after. N. N. Burdenko (clinical resident, graduate student, junior researcher, deputy director for scientific work). Since November 1975 - Director of the Institute of Neurosurgery named after. N. N. Burdenko RAMS.
Main areas of scientific activity: neurosurgery, neurology and clinical physiology of the nervous system.

He personally operated on more than 10,000 patients with the most complex neurosurgical pathologies.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the RUDN University, Vice-President of the Russian Arthroscopic Society, Director of the arthroscopic surgery course. He specializes in arthroscopic operations, sports medicine, endoprosthetics of large joints, and also trains specialists from Russia and other countries in the most modern techniques of arthroscopic operations.

Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medicine. Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Emergency Neurosurgery of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky, head. Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroreanimation of the Moscow State Medical and Dental University, member of the board of the Association of Neurosurgeons of Russia, member of the European and World Associations of Neurosurgeons, member of the Higher Attestation Commission, editor-in-chief of the journal "Neurosurgery", deputy chairman of the Moscow Society of Neurosurgeons, Moscow.

A.S. Lopatin is a scientist whose name is well known both in Russia and far beyond its borders, a talented surgeon who masters the filigree technique of the most complex otorhinolaryngological operations and endoscopic interventions on the base of the skull.

His areas of interest range from the treatment of allergic and vasomotor rhinitis and snoring to endoscopic skull base surgeries and complex rhinoplasty options.

Milanov Nikolay Olegovich

Head of the Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after. acad. B.V. Petrovsky RAMS N.O. Milanov is the country's leading scientist in the field of plastic surgery, reconstructive microsurgery, replantology and autotransplantology of organs and tissues, one of the pioneers in the development of problems of plastic surgery and microsurgery in our country. He directs his main scientific interests to the development of fundamental and applied aspects of plastic surgery and microsurgery. His research formed the basis for the creation of a modern system for diagnosis and surgical treatment of the most complex acute injuries of the extremities, post-traumatic conditions and a number of nosological forms (obliterating diseases of the vessels of the extremities, acute and chronic local radiation injuries, post-traumatic and iatrogenic tracheal defects, post-traumatic and inflammatory strictures of the urethra and others ). He is the author and implementer of the strategy for introducing microsurgical methods into various surgical specialties, including plastic surgery, urology, pediatric surgery, traumatology and orthopedics.

Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation (1994)
Order of Friendship (1998).
Order of Honor (2007).
Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1982) for developing the problem of microsurgical replantation of fingers and hands during traumatic amputation as part of a group of scientists.
Laureate of the Government Prize of the Russian Federation (1996) for the work вЂњMicrosurgical autotransplantation of organs and tissues in the treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patientsвЂќ as part of a group of scientists
Winner of the Vocation Award (2008) for performing the world's first revascularized trachea transplantation operation as part of a group of scientists.

Corresponding member RAMS, professor, head. Department of Rheumatology MMA named after. THEM. Sechenova, director of the Institute of Rheumatology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, head. Department of Vascular Pathology of Rheumatic Diseases of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Chief Rheumatologist of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Honorary President of the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia, Member of the Board of the Moscow City Scientific Society of Therapists, Academic Council of the Institute of Rheumatology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Chairman of the Specialized Council on Rheumatology of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation, Member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Clinical Medicine and a number of other medical journals.

E. L. Nasonov is a general therapist. He carries out extensive medical and advisory work related, in particular, to the diagnosis of immune disorders in diseases of the cardiovascular system and rheumatic diseases.

E. L. Nasonov is the author and co-author of more than 500 published works, including the monographs вЂњVasculopathy in antiphospholipid syndromeвЂќ (1995), вЂњPharmacotherapy of rheumatic diseasesвЂќ (1996), вЂњRheumatological problems of osteoporosisвЂќ (1997), вЂњVasculitis and vasculopathy "(1998), "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Prospects for use in medicine" (1999), "Rational pharmacotherapy of rheumatic diseases" (2003), "Antiphospholipid syndrome" (2004), reference guide "Clinic and immunopathology of rheumatic diseases" (1995), textbook "Rheumatology in questions and answers" ( 1994), 12 chapters in monographs, including the manual вЂњRheumatic DiseasesвЂќ (1997), chapters вЂњRheumatic DiseasesвЂќ in the textbook on internal medicine for medical students, more than 30 scientific articles published in central foreign journals.

Perelman Mikhail Izrailevich Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Director of the Research Institute of Physiopulmonology of the I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy.
He graduated from the Yaroslavl Medical Institute in 1945. His specialty is a surgeon. From 1945 to 1951 he worked as an assistant at the departments of anatomy and surgery of the Yaroslavl Medical Institute.
In 1951 - 1954 - chief surgeon of Rybinsk, in 1954 - 1955. - Assistant at the Department of Operative Surgery at the First Moscow Medical Institute, and from 1955 to 1958 - Associate Professor in the course of pulmonary surgery at the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Studies.
In 1958 - 1962 - head of the pulmonary surgical department of the Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1963 to 1981 - head of the department of thoracic surgery of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Surgery of the USSR Ministry of Health.
Since 1981, he has been the head of the department of phthisiopulmonology at the Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy, and is a consultant to the department of lung and mediastinal surgery of the Russian Scientific Center for Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, as well as the Medical Center under the President of the Russian Federation.
Since 1998 - Director of the Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy.

Title: Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences
Graduate of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov. From 1977 to 1981 he completed clinical residency and then graduate school at the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Hormone Chemistry of the Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1983 he defended his Ph.D. thesis. In 1991 he was transferred to the I.M. MMA. Sechenov for the position of assistant at the Department of Endocrinology.
From 1996 to 2010, he acted as chief physician of the Endocrinology Clinic of the I.M. Moscow Medical Academy. Sechenov. Thanks to his activities, the clinic was able to significantly increase the number of hospitalized patients, improve the level of examination and the quality of treatment. New specialized diagnostic and treatment rooms were opened, schools were organized for patients with diabetes, obesity, and menopausal syndrome. A program of high-tech medical care is being successfully implemented.
For his long and fruitful work, in 2008 he was awarded the title Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, in 2011 - the title of Best Endocrinologist of Russia.
As Associate Professor of the Department of Endocrinology V.S. Pronin combines clinical work with teaching and research activities. In 2012, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic: вЂњDiagnostic and prognostic factors that determine the clinical course and treatment tactics of acromegaly.вЂќ He is the author of 150 scientific publications in domestic and foreign publications, including monographs and teaching aids, and a participant and winner of major international congresses. The total medical experience is 33 years.

Head department Urology MGMSU, MD, Professor Chief urologist of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of the Russian Federation Today the name of Dmitry Yuryevich Pushkar enjoys great professional authority among numerous colleagues and patients. The number of patients cured by him grows every year. Unfortunately, today, urological diseases are a fairly common problem for people all over the world. Both men and women suffer from diseases of the genitourinary system, and the number of these patients is steadily growing. Many patients who despair of their own cure find real help in the hands of this doctor, who treats diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder and prostate cancer, various forms of urinary incontinence in women and potency disorders in men. Pushkar D. Yu. has accumulated many years of experience in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases, which allows thousands of patients to be brought back to life, making them socially active. In our country, he was a pioneer in performing radical prostatectomy, an operation that relieves a patient of prostate cancer within 2-3 hours, and his professional skill allows him to perform a nerve-sparing operation while preserving erectile function and the ability to retain urine. He patented minimized loop operations for patients suffering from urinary incontinence, the use of which allows many women who were considered inoperable to return to an active lifestyle, reducing the length of hospital stay to 3-4 days. Professional interest and the opportunity to collaborate with European clinics allows Pushkar D. Yu. to brilliantly perform reconstructive urological operations using vagin*l access. Thanks to his active participation, for the first time in the Russian Federation, a program for the early detection of prostate cancer was developed and began to be used, which has now been implemented in all major cities of Russia. In Moscow, the implementation of this program was the opening of a free office for early diagnosis of prostate diseases on the basis of the consultative and diagnostic center of the 50th City Clinical Hospital. Pushkar D. Yu. receives patients every day and performs complex and much-needed surgical interventions for patients. Despite his constant employment, Pushkar D. Yu. heads the Department of Urology at Moscow State Medical University, one of the largest urological clinics, with a capacity of 200 beds. In 1986, he graduated with honors from the medical faculty of the Moscow Medical Dental Institute. After which he worked his way up from a resident to a professor at the Department of Urology at Moscow State Medical University, currently the head of the Department of Urology at Moscow State Medical University. From 1993 to 1998 he was an intern and then a consultant physician at the Urology Clinic of the Pasteur University in Nice (France). Fluent in English and French. Dmitry Pushkar is the author of more than 400 scientific papers, 7 monographs, 32 videos, and has 5 Russian patents. Under his leadership, 11 candidate's dissertations were defended and 4 doctoral dissertations were being carried out. In 2005, for his services in the field of healthcare and many years of conscientious work, he was awarded the title вЂњHonored Doctor of the Russian Federation.вЂќ Since 2001 - consultant at polyclinic No. 1 of the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, Academician of the International Academy of Informatization, since 2003 - deputy chief specialist in urology at the medical center of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation. Pushkar D. Yu. is a member of the European Association of Urologists, is a member of the Society for Urinary Continence, and a member of the International Urological Consilium. He is a member of the board of the European School of Urology and the Eastern European Expert Commission on Erectile Dysfunction. Since 1990 is one of the first Russian scientists, a guest lecturer at the largest institutes and clinics in France, Italy, the USA, Israel, Switzerland, Poland, Great Britain, Spain, Austria, Lebanon, and Turkey. Since 1997, visiting consultant at the Newman Hospital Urology Clinic, Kansas, USA. The first specialist from the Russian Federation to join the American Urological Association and invited to the scientific committee of the International Society of Urology. Pushkar D. Yu. is the only reviewer from Russia of the leading medical publication вЂњEuropean UrologyвЂќ, a member of the editorial board of the journal вЂњUrologyвЂќ, and since 1993 the presenter and consultant of the Russian-American teleconference

A.Sh. Revishvili has published more than 500 scientific papers (464 co-authored, of which 88 in foreign publications); including: 5 monographs (4 co-authored, 2 of them published abroad), 5 books (4 co-authored), 194 major journal articles (172 co-authored). The main direction of scientific research of A.Sh. Revishvili вЂ“ study of clinical electrophysiology of the heart and the formation of arrhythmia mechanisms. He obtained priority data on the electrophysiological and anatomical substrate of supraventricular and non-coronary ventricular arrhythmias, including in children with heart defects and adult patients with coronary heart disease. He was the first to propose an original classification of variants of ventricular preexcitation syndromes and low-traumatic (catheter) methods for eliminating arrhythmias in this pathology. He was the first to describe arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right atrium, leading to atrial flutter, and developed a method for its treatment using cryo- or radiofrequency destruction.

For outstanding achievements in the field of endovascular treatment of cardiovascular diseases A.Sh. Revishvili was awarded the prize named after academician. RAMS V.I. Burakovsky for 2001.

Director of the Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences. Author and co-author of more than 250 scientific papers and 7 books. The main areas of activity are emergency surgery and traumatology, disaster medicine, healthcare organization. President of the National Medical Chamber, head of the department of emergency surgery and traumatology of the Scientific Center for Children's Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, member of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for promoting the development of civil society institutions and human rights, chairman of the International Committee for Assistance to Children in Disasters and Wars, expert of the World Health Organization, member of the board of directors International Association of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, President of the International Charitable Foundation for Children in Disasters and Wars, member of the Association of Pediatric Surgeons of the World, British Association of Pediatric Surgeons and the International Association of Emergency and Disaster Medicine. Awarded the Order of Courage, Defender of a Free Russia, For Services to Moscow, Peter the Great, First Class, and For the Revival of Russia. XXI centuryвЂќ, вЂњGolden CrossвЂќ, вЂњGlory of RussiaвЂќ, вЂњHoly Righteous Juliana LazarevskayaвЂќ, вЂњLomonosovaвЂќ, вЂњGolden Star of GloryвЂќ, вЂњPride of RussiaвЂќ, LUDWIG NOBEL Prize 2010.
Titles: вЂњNational HeroвЂќ, вЂњMan of the Year 2002вЂќ, вЂњPride of RussiaвЂќ, вЂњRussian of the YearвЂќ. In 2005 he received the title "European of the Year". In 2007 he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. вЂњChildrenвЂ™s Doctor of the WorldвЂќ - this title was awarded to Roshal by journalists in 1996.

Laureate of the Government of the Russian Federation Prize, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the 1st Medical Faculty of the I Moscow Medical Institute. I.M. Sechenov.
Alexander Nikolaevich Strizhakov is one of the founders of the organization of perinatal fetal care in Russia. Under his leadership, the latest methods for assessing the functional state of the fetus and mother in various types of obstetric and extragenital pathologies were introduced into obstetric practice. Using modern highly informative methods for studying systemic hemodynamics (echocardiography, Doppler), the pathogenesis of gestosis at the preclinical and clinical stages and the features of its clinical course in modern conditions were studied. Four types of maternal hemodynamics during gestosis have been identified. An algorithm for examining pregnant women at high risk of developing gestosis, a differentiated approach to the prevention of this pathology, an algorithm for examining pregnant women with gestosis, indications for early and emergency delivery, a differentiated approach to antihypertensive therapy in the postpartum period have been developed and implemented.
On the initiative of Alexander Nikolaevich Strizhakov, the features of fetal hemodynamics in fetal growth restriction syndrome of various origins, long-term results of the physical and psychom*otor development of newborns were studied. The developed algorithm for examining pregnant women with fetal growth restriction syndrome and substantiating the indications for early delivery made it possible to significantly improve the long-term results of children's development.
Based on an in-depth study of fetal hemodynamics during postterm pregnancy (Doppler study of blood flow in arterial and venous vessels) of the fetus, early diagnostic and prognostic criteria for fetal hypoxia were developed and labor management tactics were substantiated.
Using Doppler research methods, the mechanisms of pathogenesis of systemic hemodynamic disorders in pregnant women with arterial hypotension and arterial hypertension were studied. The basic principles of drug correction of maternal and fetal hemodynamic disorders have been developed and substantiated.
A new modification of the cesarean section operation has been developed and implemented, which has significantly reduced the time of surgical intervention and intraoperative blood loss. A detailed study (transvagin*l echography, dynamic laparoscopy, hysteroscopy) of the features of the course of the uncomplicated and complicated postoperative period was carried out. A new tactic for managing endometritis after cesarean section has been developed.
Alexander Nikolaevich Strizhakov is the initiator of the development of a new branch of gynecology in our country - minimally invasive surgery. He performed the first successful operations using the latest methods (miniscopy) for purulent inflammatory diseases of the uterine appendages.
Alexander Nikolaevich Strizhakov made a great contribution to the problem of surgical treatment of genital endometriosis, endometrial hyperplastic processes, uterine tumors using laparoscopy and hysteroresectoscopy. Alexander Nikolaevich Strizhakov was the first in Russia to introduce the method of vagin*l hysterectomy for tumors without disturbing the anatomy of the pelvic floor.
The accumulated clinical experience allowed A.N. Strizhakov to develop a method of dynamic prolonged sanitation of the abdominal cavity for gynecological peritonitis using a laparoscopic cannula.
A.N. Strizhakov enjoys high authority and well-deserved respect in the medical and scientific world as a scientist and an excellent surgeon. A.N. Strizhakov pays great attention to the development of pedagogical science. In numerous scientific publications, he raised issues of improving teaching in higher education, including fundamental issues of postgraduate training of specialists.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Abdominal Oncology of the State Institution Russian Oncological Scientific Center named after N.N. Blokhin.

Syrkin Abram Lvovich was born in 1930 in Moscow, in the family of a prominent domestic hygienist, Professor L.A. Syrkina. In 1948, after graduating from high school, he entered the I Moscow Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov, who graduated in 1954. All further clinical, scientific and pedagogical activities of Abram Lvovich are connected with the Department of Faculty Therapy of the First Moscow Medical Institute, now the Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov, on which he went through the traditional path as a resident, graduate student, assistant, associate professor and, finally, professor.
The traditions of the Faculty Therapeutic Clinic, the oldest therapeutic clinic in the country, inherited by its leaders and employees, Abram LvovichвЂ™s teachers - academicians Vladimir Nikitich Vinogradov, Zinaida Adamovna Bondar, Professor Vitaly Grigorievich Popov, were brought up by A.L. from a young age. Syrkin has qualities that have always distinguished the best representatives of domestic clinical medicine - dedication to serving the sick person, a high sense of responsibility to future generations of doctors, to whose education Abram Lvovich devoted decades, the focus of scientific activity on problems that are most relevant clinically.
The first steps of the scientific activity of A.L. Syrkin were devoted to the study of edema syndrome in cardiorheumatological practice. In 1960, he defended his candidate's dissertation on the topic вЂњRate of Na24 resorption from the skin in rheumatism and rheumatic heart defects.вЂќ In the early 60s A.L. Syrkin was one of the first to draw attention to the great potential of the method of electropulse therapy for cardiac arrhythmias and begins active development of this problem. The result of a number of years of hard work were clearly formulated principles for selecting patients for the EIT procedure, preparing for its implementation, and the cardioversion technique itself, as well as the principles of subsequent patient management. The research results were reflected in the doctoral dissertation of A.L. Syrkin, as well as in the monograph вЂњElectropulse treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in a therapeutic clinicвЂќ (co-authored with A.V. Nedostup and I.V. Mayevskaya), published in 1970, for many years which is very popular among domestic cardiologists.
Further scientific and clinical activities of A.L. Syrkina is largely devoted to coronary heart disease and, in particular, myocardial infarction. By the beginning of the 70s, the first cardiac intensive care unit in Moscow, created at the Faculty Therapeutic Clinic of the First MMI in 1959 by Academician V.N. Vinogradov and his students, expanded to a multi-bed intensive care unit, and since 1976, after the clinic moved to a new building, the department of coronary heart disease began to function there. Since then, for almost 30 years, Abram Lvovich Syrkin has been directing the work of these two divisions of the Faculty Therapeutic Clinic, which in 1998 received the status of the cardiology clinic of the I.M. MMA. Sechenov, whose director was appointed Professor A.L. Syrkin.
Over the years, Abram Lvovich has successfully developed many of the most pressing problems in this area of вЂ‹вЂ‹cardiology, including aspects of the variants of the clinical course of myocardial infarction, its complications, treatment of heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and thrombolytic therapy. Particular attention should be paid to the work carried out in collaboration with a team of specialists in the field of applied mathematics, led by Academician I.M. Gelfand, and devoted to the issues of predicting the course of myocardial infarction and its complications. During this work, not only specific clinical problems were solved, but also fundamental issues of using mathematical methods in clinical medicine (formalization of the description of the patient, clinical situation, decision making, etc.).
The unique long-term experience of the country's first cardiac intensive care unit, headed for many years by Professor A.L. Syrkin, played a major role in the formation and development of the intensive care cardiological service of Russian healthcare.
The results of work in this direction are reflected in the monographs of A.L. Syrkin вЂњRecurrent myocardial infarctionвЂќ (together with A.I. Markova and L.V. Rainova) and вЂњMyocardial infarctionвЂќ (second edition, significantly revised and expanded in 1998).
In total, Abram Lvovich Syrkin published over 250 scientific papers. He generously passes on his versatile skills as a clinician and scientist to his many students: 30 Ph.D. theses were defended under the leadership of Abram Lvovich.
For many years, A.L. Syrkin has been leading a scientific student circle. Many former members of the circle became first-class doctors, candidates of science, employees of the country's leading clinical institutions, including the Faculty Therapeutic Clinic named after V.N. Vinogradova.
In his daily pedagogical work (lectures, seminars), A.L. Syrkin is distinguished by his desire to combine the solidity of the traditional pedagogical principles of the Vinogradov clinical school with the use of new methodological techniques - the development of new types of teaching aids, including elements of programming, training simulators.
Many years of experience as a clinician, combined with organizational skills and rich scientific knowledge, are used with maximum impact by A.L. Syrkin in his work as Chairman of the Commission on Clinical Diagnostic Instruments and Devices of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Member of the Board of the Moscow Therapeutic and Cardiological Societies, Head of the Cardiology Department of the National Research Center of MMA named after I.M. Sechenov. Medical talent, rich clinical experience, high erudition as a scientist and teacher, dedication in everyday work, genuine intelligence made Abram Lvovich Syrkin widely known and respected both in the medical and scientific community, and among countless patients not only in Moscow, but throughout our country .

Academic title RAMS prof., doctor of medical sciences

Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation
Full member of the Russian section of the International College of Surgeons
Honorary Member of the German Surgical Society
Co-chairman of the All-Russian Society of Gastroenterological Surgeons
Editor-in-Chief of the journal "Bulletin of Surgical Gastroenterology"
Member of the editorial board of the journals Surgery, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Annals of Surgery, Clinical Medicine

Diseases have existed as long as humanity, which means that at all times people have needed the help of a knowledgeable specialist. Ancient medicine developed gradually and came a long way, full of big mistakes and timid attempts, sometimes based only on religion. Only a few of the masses of ancient people were able to snatch their consciousness from the clutches of ignorance and give humanity great discoveries in the field of healing, described in treatises, encyclopedias, and papyri.

Medicine of Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egyptian medicine became the cradle of knowledge for doctors of Ancient Rome, Africa, and its origins lead to Mesopotamia, which already had its own medical practitioners in 4000 BC. Ancient medicine in Egypt combined religious beliefs and observations of the human body. Imgotep (2630-2611 BC) is considered the first doctor and founder, although Egyptologists have only recently proven the reality of his existence: for many centuries he was considered a fictitious god. This man was a genius of his time, like Leonardo da Vinci in the Middle Ages. The Egyptians gained basic knowledge about the human structure through embalming the dead - even then they knew that the heart and brain were the most important organs.

Possession by evil spirits, demons and the intervention of gods were considered supernatural causes: methods of exorcism among the lower strata of the population were in great demand and existed thanks to the priests. Also used various recipes with bitter herbs - it was believed that this drove away spirits. In total, there were about 700 ancient recipes in the medical arsenal, and almost all of them were of natural origin:

Vegetables: onions, dates and grapes, pomegranate, poppy, lotus;

Mineral: sulfur, clay, lead, saltpeter and antimony;

Animal parts: tails, ears, ground bones and tendons, glands, sometimes insects were used.

Even then the medicinal properties of wormwood and castor oil, flax seed and aloe.

The main sources for research into ancient medicine in Egypt are papyri, inscriptions on pyramids and sarcophagi, mummies of people and animals. Several papyri about medicine have survived to this day in their original condition:

The Brugsch Papyrus is the oldest manuscript on pediatrics. Includes teaching about the health of children, women and methods of treating their diseases.
Ebers Papyrus - talks about diseases different organs, but at the same time contains many examples of the use of prayers and spells (more than 900 recipes for diseases of the digestive system, respiratory and vascular systems, diseases of the eyes and ears). This scientific work has long been considered a medical encyclopedia of ancient healers.
Kahuna papyrus - includes a treatise on gynecology and veterinary medicine, while, unlike other scrolls, it contains virtually no religious overtones.
Smith Papyrus - Imgotep is considered its author. It describes 48 clinical cases of traumatology. The information varies - from symptoms and research methods to treatment recommendations.

In ancient medicine in Egypt, the first scalpels and tweezers, speculums and catheters were used. This speaks of the high level and professionalism of surgeons, even if they were inferior in skill to Indian doctors.

Basic Medicine of India

Indian medicine of ancient times relied on two authoritative sources: the code of laws of Manu and the science of Ayurveda, which originates from the Vedas - the oldest sacred texts in Sanskrit. The most accurate and complete retelling on paper was written by the Indian doctor Sushruta. It describes the causes of diseases (imbalance of the three doshas and gunas that make up the human body), recommendations for the treatment of more than 150 ailments of various types, in addition, about 780 medicinal herbs and plants, information on their use is provided.

When diagnosing, special attention was paid to the structure of a person: height and weight, age and character, place of residence, field of activity. Indian healers considered it their duty not to treat the disease, but to eradicate the causes of its occurrence, which puts them at the top of the medical Olympus. At the same time, surgical knowledge was far from perfect, despite successful operations to remove gallstones, caesarean section and rhinoplasty (which was in demand due to one of the punishments - cutting off the nose and ears). About 200 surgical instruments were inherited by modern specialists from healers from India.

Medicine divided all remedies according to their effects on the body:

Emetics and laxatives;

Exciting and calming;

Sweatshops;

Stimulating digestion;

Narcotic (used as an anesthetic in surgery).

The anatomical knowledge of the doctors was not sufficiently developed, but at the same time the doctors divided the human body into 500 muscles, 24 nerves, 300 bones and 40 leading vessels, which, in turn, were divided into 700 branches, 107 joints and more than 900 ligaments. A lot of attention was also paid to the mental state of patients - Ayurveda believed that most of all diseases come from improper functioning of the nervous system. Such extensive knowledge - as for the ancient medicine of India - made the healers of this country very popular outside its borders.

Development of Medicine in Ancient China

Medicine of the Ancient East originated in the fourth century BC; one of the first treatises on diseases is considered to be вЂњHuang Di Neijing,вЂќ and Huang Di is the name of the founder of the Chinese trend in medicine. The Chinese, like the Indians, believed that a person consists of five primary elements, the imbalance of which leads to various diseases, this was described in great detail in the Neijing, which was rewritten by Wang Bing in the 8th century.

Zhang Zhong Jing is a Chinese doctor, the author of the treatise вЂњShan Han Tza Bing LunвЂќ, which tells about methods of treating fevers of various types, and Hua Tuo is a surgeon who began to use sutures in abdominal operations and anesthesia with opium, aconite and cannabis.

To treat various diseases, doctors even then used camphor, garlic, ginger and lemongrass; among mineral rocks, sulfur and mercury, magnesia and antimony were especially welcome. But in the first place, of course, was ginseng - this root was idolized and many different preparations were made on its basis.

Chinese doctors were especially proud that the prevalence of a rapid pulse indicated an overly active nervous system, while a weak and intermittent pulse, on the contrary, indicated its insufficient activity. Chinese doctors distinguished more than 20 types of pulse. They came to the conclusion that every organ and every process in the body has its own expression in the pulse, and by changing the pulse at several points, one can not only determine a personвЂ™s illness, but also predict its outcome. Wang Shu-He, who wrote the Treatise on the Pulse, described all this in great detail.

China is also the birthplace of acupressure and acupuncture. Historical texts tell about the healers Bian-tsio and Fu Wen, the authors of treatises on these methods. In their works they describe several hundred biologically active points on the human body, by influencing which any disease can be completely cured.

The only weak link in ancient Chinese medicine is surgery. In the Celestial Empire, methods for treating fractures were practically not used (the affected area was simply placed between two wooden planks), and bloodletting and amputation of limbs were not practiced.

Father of Medicine

This is considered to be Hippocrates (Greek Hippocrates), an ancient Greek doctor of the 17th generation, who lived in 460 BC and laid the foundation for the development of medicine in Ancient Rome. The famous promise of doctors before taking office - the вЂњHippocratic OathвЂќ - is his brainchild. The father of the great physician was Heraclides, also an outstanding scientist, and PhenaretвЂ™s mother was a midwife. The parents did everything so that their son would have fame at the age of twenty good doctor, and also received initiation into the priesthood, without which there could be no question of quality practice in the field of medicine.

Hippocrates in search of different successful methods traveled to many countries of the East for treatment, and upon returning home, he founded the first medical school, putting science, not religion, at the forefront.

The creative heritage of this genius is so enormous that the permanent publisher of his works, Charterius, spent forty (!) years printing it. More than a hundred of his works are collected in a single вЂњHippocratic CollectionвЂќ, and his вЂњAphorismsвЂќ are still in great demand.

The most famous doctors of the old world

Many of the greatest doctors of ancient medicine contributed something of their own to this science, giving their ancestors ideas for thought, observation and research.

1. Dioscorides, ancient Greek physician of the 50th century AD. e., author of the treatise вЂњ Medicinal substances", which was the leading textbook on pharmacology until the 16th century.

2. Claudius Galen - ancient Roman naturalist, author of numerous works on medicinal plants, methods of their use and making preparations from them. All water and alcohol infusions, decoctions and various extracts from plants still bear the name вЂњgalenicвЂќ. It was he who began testing on animals.

3. Harun al-Rashid - Arab ruler who was the first to build a public hospital in Baghdad.

4. Paracelsus (1493-1541) - Swiss physician, who is considered the founder of modern chemical medicine. He was critical of Galen and all ancient medicine in general, considering it ineffective.

5. Li Shizhen - specialist in the field of medicine of the Ancient East, Chinese doctor of the 16th century, author of вЂњFundamentals of PharmacologyвЂќ. The work, consisting of 52 volumes, describes about 2000 medicines, mainly of plant origin. The author strongly opposed the use of mercury-based tablets.

6. Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Razi (865-925) - Persian scientist, naturalist, he is considered a pioneer in the field of psychiatry and psychology. The author of this outstanding doctor is the famous вЂњAl-HawiвЂќ - a comprehensive book on medicine, revealing to the world the basics of ophthalmology, gynecology and obstetrics. Razi proved that temperature is the body's reaction to illness.

7. Avicenna (Ibn Sina) - a genius of his time. Originally from Uzbekistan, he is the author of the вЂњCanon of Medical ScienceвЂќ - an encyclopedia from which other healers studied the art of medicine for several hundred years. He believed that any disease can be cured with proper nutrition and a moderate lifestyle.

8. Asclepiad of Bithynia - Greek physician who lived in the 1st century BC. The founder of physiotherapy (physical education, massage) and dietetics, urged his contemporaries and descendants to maintain a balance between the health of body and spirit. I took my first steps in what was something fantastic at that time.

9. Sun Simiao - Chinese doctor of the Tian dynasty, who wrote a 30-volume work. вЂњThe King of MedicinesвЂќ was the name of this genius, who made a significant contribution to the development of medicine. Pointed out the importance of nutrition and the right combination of foods. The invention of gunpowder is also his merit.

How and what was treated in ancient times

The medicine of the ancient world, despite all the genius of famous doctors, was quite terrifying. However, judge for yourself. Here are just a few interesting facts about treatment methods:

1. The method of scaring away and averting the disease was actively practiced in Ancient Babylon: in order for the disease to leave a person, they fed him and gave him rare rubbish, spat on him and gave him blows. Such вЂњtreatmentвЂќ often led to new diseases (which is no wonder).

2. In Egypt, under King Hammurabi, medicine was a rather dangerous business, since one of the kingвЂ™s laws promised death to the healer if his patient died on operating table. Therefore, spells and prayers were used more often, which were described on 40 clay tablets.

3. Egyptian priests left the sick person to sleep in the temple; in a dream, a deity was supposed to appear to him and announce the method of treatment, as well as the sin for which he was punished with illness.

4. The surgery was equally impressive. Ancient Greece. Entire performances of operations were staged here, in which a made-up doctor portrayed the god of medicine, Asclepius. Sometimes in the process of action, patients died - rather from long, high-flown tirades than from the insufficient skill of the would-be doctor.

5. The widespread вЂњfallingвЂќ disease was treated with dope, henbane and wormwood.

6. In Egypt and Mesopotamia, holes were often drilled into the skull (sometimes even several) to relieve the patient from migraines caused by an evil spirit.

7. Tuberculosis was treated with drugs made from the lungs of foxes and snake meat soaked in opium.

8. Theriac (a drink of 70 ingredients) and the philosopherвЂ™s stone were considered a panacea for all diseases.

Middle Ages: Decline of Medicine

The most significant achievement of medicine in the Middle Ages was the introduction of a compulsory license for healing: this law was first adopted by King Roger II of Sicily, and was later taken up by England, forming in the 15th century the Guild of Surgeons and Barbers (who often performed bloodletting on patients) and France with the College of St. Como. The doctrine of infectious diseases and health care methods began to clearly emerge and take shape. Guy de Chauliac, a village surgeon of the 14th century, actively promoted the prevention of вЂњcharlatansвЂќ from treating people, and proposed new methods in working with fractures (traction with a weight, the use of a sling bandage, suturing the edges of open wounds).

In the Middle Ages, constant hunger and crop failures were common, which forced people to eat spoiled food, while the вЂњcult of the clean bodyвЂќ was out of favor. These two factors contributed to the development of infectious diseases: fever, plague and smallpox, tuberculosis and leprosy. Unbreakable faith in healing propertiesвЂњholy relicsвЂќ and witchcraft (while the knowledge of contemporary doctors was completely denied) provoked an even greater development of diseases, which they tried to treat with religious processions and sermons. The mortality rate was several times higher than the birth rate, and life expectancy rarely exceeded thirty years.

The influence of religion on medicine

In China and India, belief in gods did not particularly interfere with the development of medicine: progress was based on natural observations of man, the influence of plants on his condition, and methods of active analytical experiments were popular. In European countries, on the contrary, superstition and fear of God's wrath cut down at the root all attempts by scientists and doctors to save people from ignorance.

Church persecutions, curses and campaigns against heresy were on a gigantic scale: any scientist who tried to speak out in favor of reason and against the divine will regarding healing was subjected to cruel torture and various types of execution (auto-da-fe was widespread) - to intimidate ordinary people. The study of human anatomy was considered a mortal sin, punishable by execution.

Also a huge disadvantage was the scholastic method of treatment and teaching in rare medical schools: all theses had to be unconditionally accepted on faith, sometimes without solid ground, and the persistent denial of acquired experience and the inability to apply logic in practice nullified many of the achievements of geniuses modernity.

Where were doctors trained in ancient times?

The first medical schools in China appeared only in the 6th century AD; before that, the art of healing was transmitted only from teacher to student orally. The state-level school first opened in 1027, with Wang Wei-yi as its leading teacher.

In India, the method of oral transmission from teacher to student was preserved until the 18th century, and the selection criteria were extremely stringent: the doctor had to be an example of a healthy lifestyle and a high level of intelligence, know perfect biology and chemistry, have an ideal understanding of medicinal plants and methods of preparing potions, be an example to follow. Cleanliness and neatness came first.

IN Ancient Egypt Healing was taught by priests in temples, and corporal punishment was often used for careless students. In parallel with medicine, calligraphy and rhetoric were taught, and each trained doctor belonged to a special caste and temple, which received a fee in the future for treating the patient.

Mass training in medicine developed on a large scale in Ancient Greece and was divided into two branches:

1. Croton Medical School. Its main idea was the following thesis: health is a balance of opposites, and illness should be treated with the opposite in essence (bitter - sweet, cold - warm). One of the students of this school was Acmeon, who opened the auditory canal and optic nerves to the world.

2. Knidos school. Her basic knowledge was similar to the teachings of Ayurveda: physical body consists of several elements, the imbalance of which leads to disease. This school continued to improve the work of Egyptian doctors, and thus the doctrine of disease symptoms and diagnosis was formed. Euryphon, a student of this school, was a contemporary of Hippocrates.

Doctor's oath

The oath was first written down on paper in the 3rd century BC by Hippocrates, and before that it was passed down orally from generation to generation for quite a long time. It is believed that Asclepius was the first to say it.

The modern Hippocratic Oath is already far from the original: its words have changed many times depending on time and nationality, the last time it was greatly distorted in 1848, when it was announced in Geneva new option speech. Almost half of the text was cut out:

About the promise to never have abortions or castration procedures;

Do not perform euthanasia under any circ*mstances;

A promise to never have intimate relations with a patient;

Under no circ*mstances should you lose your dignity by refraining from illegal actions;

Give part of your income for life to the teacher or school that trained the doctor in medicine.

From these points it is clear how much modern medicine has lowered the moral and ethical standard of a doctor as a highly spiritual person, leaving only basic functions - providing assistance to the suffering.

Famous surgeons of the 20th century. Famous doctors: in Russia, in the world, in history (2024)

FAQs

Who was the most important surgeon? ›

John Hunter (1728 – 1793)

Dominique Larrey (1766 – 1842) Considered one of the founders of military surgery, Dominique Larrey was a surgeon during the Napoleonic era in France. ...
Joseph Lister (1826 – 1912) ...
John Heysham Gibbon (1903 – 1973) ...
Lars Leksell (1907 – 1986)

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Is Dr. Oz a real doctor? ›

Mehmet Cengiz Öz (Turkish: [mehˈmet dʒeɲˈɟiz øz]; born June 11, 1960), also known as Dr. Oz (/ɒz/), is an American television personality, physician, author, professor emeritus of cardiothoracic surgery at Columbia University, and former political candidate.

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Does Russia have good doctors? ›

For a country that was once lauded as having one of the world's finest healthcare systems, today it can best be described as offering a fair standard of care. The 2021 Health Care Index lists Russia's system as 58th best out of 89 countries, with a very low score for quality of infrastructure.

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Who is the world's best surgeon? ›

Patrick Soon Shiong. Dr. Shiong is known as the best doctor in the world and also one of the richest doctors in the world. He is a South African-American transplant surgeon, billionaire businessman, bioscientist, and media owner.

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Who was the greatest doctor of ancient times? ›

“Known as “The Father of Medicine”, Hippocrates lived in Greece in the 5th Century BC. Many consider him to be the greatest physician of all time with his early hypothesis that illness had both physical and rational explanations”. From Hippocrates came the name given to doing no harm, thus, the Hippocratic Oath!

Which country has the best surgeons in the world? ›

Renowned for its precision and efficiency, German surgeons are highly regarded worldwide. The country's state-of-the-art medical facilities, equipped with advanced technology, ensure optimal patient outcomes.

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Who is the most renowned surgeon? ›

A renegade physician, a pioneer, the father of open-heart surgery, and perhaps the best surgeon who ever lived, Dr. Michael DeBakey died of natural causes at 99.

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What is the most elite surgeon? ›

Cardiothoracic surgeons could be considered the golden boy's of medicine and neurosurgeons the high priests but I'm a tad biased. Some would consider plastic surgeons to among the elite as well. In my opinion the elite doctors are those who put their patients first regardless of specialty.

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Why did Dr Oz get canceled? ›

After Oz's November 2021 announcement that he would run as a Republican for the U.S. Senate seat in Pennsylvania, the show ceased production and aired its final episode on Friday, January 14, 2022.

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Did Dr Oz graduate from Harvard? ›

Oz, whose parents were Turkish immigrants, was raised in Wilmington, Delaware, where his father was a thoracic surgeon. After graduating from Harvard University (1982), he earned an M.D. degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and an M.B.A. from the Wharton School of Business in 1986.

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What does Dr Oz have a PHD in? ›

After earning an undergraduate degree in biology from Harvard University in 1982, Oz went on to study at the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated with a Doctor of Medicine and Master of Business Administration, according to his Senate campaign website.

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Do doctors make a lot of money in Russia? ›

On average, doctors in Russia earned approximately 102.2 thousand Russian rubles per month in 2022. In Moscow, the figure was significantly higher, measuring at roughly 186.9 thousand Russian rubles.

Can a doctor from Russia work in USA? ›

If you are a foreign doctor interested in practicing medicine in the US, then you'll need to prepare to pass the US Medical Licensing Exams, get certified by the Educational Commission for Foreign-Trained Medical Graduates, enroll in a residency program, and then take a third licensing test.

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Is Russia medically advanced? ›

Meanwhile, the Russian healthcare system has for the past several years been underfinanced in comparison to OECD countries and especially to advanced economies, which many experts have indicated as one of the reasons for the country's underperformance in terms of qualitative indicators of public health: mortality rate, ...

Famous surgeons of the 20th century. Famous doctors: in Russia, in the world, in history (2024)

Matar Asaad Akhmadovich

Milanov Nikolay Olegovich

Fyodor Petrovich Gaaz (1780 - 1853)

Grigory Antonovich Zakharyin (1829 - 1897)

Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (1810 - 1881)

Nikolai Vasilievich Sklifosovsky (1836 - 1904)

Sergei Petrovich Botkin

(1832 вЂ” 1889)

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

(1849 вЂ” 1936)

Sergei Sergeevich Yudin (1891 - 1954)

Professor Preobrazhensky, book and film вЂњHeart of a DogвЂќ

Dr. John Watson, The Notes of Sherlock Holmes series

Yuri Andreevich Zhivago from the novel of the same name вЂњDoctor ZhivagoвЂќ

Evgeny Lukashin from the film вЂњThe Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your BathвЂќ

Dr. Gregory House, from the series of the same name "Dr. House"

Andrey Evgenievich Bykov, series вЂњInternsвЂќ

Doctor Pilyulkin

Dr. Aibolit

Milanov Nikolay Olegovich

Medicine of Ancient Egypt

Basic Medicine of India

Development of Medicine in Ancient China

Father of Medicine

The most famous doctors of the old world

How and what was treated in ancient times

Middle Ages: Decline of Medicine

The influence of religion on medicine

Where were doctors trained in ancient times?

Doctor's oath

FAQs

Who was the most important surgeon? ›

What does Dr Oz have a PHD in? ›

References